SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Aqupharm 1 0.9 % w/v Solution for infusion

2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Active ingredients

Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v

Ions

Sodium 150 mmol/l

Chloride 150 mmol/l

For full list of excipients, see section 6.1

3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Solution for infusion

A clear, colourless solution, free from particulate matter

4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Target species

Dogs and Cats

4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species

For the treatment of dehydration to correct water and electrolyte depletion. It is indicated in severe vomiting of acute onset where excessive losses of chloride ions occur and those conditions where the lodgement of foreign bodies interfere with ingestion, i.e. where there is vomiting and/or endotoxic shock.

Once these losses have been replaced, it should be substituted by Aqupharm No. 18 to avoid the administration of an excess of sodium ions. Additional oral potassium supplements may be required with protracted use.

4.3 Contraindications

Sodium overload may occur in cases with myocardial and renal damage. It should also be appreciated that in the period following surgical interference or severe trauma there may be an inability to excrete excessive sodium.

4.4 Special warnings for each target species

In evaluating an animal for possible fluid therapy the state of hydration, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, renal function and caloric balance should be considered. Evaluation will be based on history, physical examination and laboratory testing.

The solution is not suitable for protracted use unless there is heavy and continued loss of electrolytes. The difficulty arises from a danger of potassium imbalance. In cases of potassium deficiency the administration of normal saline will increase potassium loss. Where such deficiency is known to occur it may be necessary to give oral potassium supplements.

4.5 Special precautions for use

i. Special precautions for use in animals

Before use, the bag should be inspected and rejected if the solution is not clear or if the inner container is damaged.

The solution should be pre-warmed to 37oC to prevent hypothermia.

Thrombosis of a chosen vein is always a possibility with intravenous infusion. If infusion is protracted then another vein should be selected after 12-24 hours.

ii. Special precautions for the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals

Wash hands after use.

iii. Other precautions

None

4.6 Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)

Hypernatraemia (sodium overload) or an inability to excrete excessive sodium – see Overdose.

4.7 Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay

There are no contra-indications to use of this product during pregnancy and lactation.

4.8 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Drugs should not be mixed in infusion containers or through the giving sets unless the components are of known compatibility. The user should refer to the manufacturer's literature for any drug substances which he or she proposes to coadminister, and also to the Appendix of Drug Incompatibilities in the current edition of The Veterinary Formulary.

4.9 Amount(s) to be administered and administration route

Remove the outer bag and protective giving set inlet tab. Push cannula fully into giving set. Prime giving set. Perform venepuncture and immediately attach giving set. Adjust infusion rate as required. Delivery is from a closed circuit; it does not need an air inlet.

Giving sets should be changed every 24 hours.

The quantity of fluid and electrolyte for administration will consider existing deficits, maintenance needs and continuing losses.

The existing deficit is that which has been lost prior to examination. This must be estimated by evaluating the patient's history, making a physical examination and using laboratory aids. Maintenance therapy is to replace normal losses via urine, faeces, respiratory tract and skin. As a general rule, maintenance therapy requires 50ml/Kg bodyweight/day. Continuing losses during a disease period should be estimated whenever possible, i.e. quantity of vomit, diarrhoea or blood loss.

The clinical response of an animal rather than formulae or equations should be used to guide fluid therapy. The intravenous route of administration is preferred.

Indwelling intravenous catheters offer significant advantages in intravenous fluid therapy. Subcutaneous administration may be used for isotonic and non-irritating solutions.

The rate of administration should be considered with each individual patient. The aim should be to correct about half of the calculated deficit in the first 1-2 hours. As a general rule the following formula is the maximum satisfactory rate (less where cardiovascular or pulmonary disease exists).

Maximum rate = Body wt (Kg) x 90 = ml fluid per hour

This rate should be slowed after the first hour and considerably slowed if no urine flow is established. Signs of over rapid administration include restlessness, moist lung sounds, tachycardia, tachypnoea, nasal discharge, coughing, vomiting and diarrhoea.

4.10 Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary

Symptoms: Associated signs of hypernatraemia include pronounced thirst, dry mucous membranes, constipation, hyperpyrexia, CNS disturbances, and ultimately convulsions. A plasma Na+ concentration of >150mEq/l and a urine specific gravity of >1.030 indicate a hypernatraemic state.

Treatment of overdosage: Injection of a diuretic.

4.11 Withdrawal period(s)

Not Applicable

5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Electrolytes

ATC Vet Code: QB 05 BB 01

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

This product is an intravenous solution containing 150mmol/l of sodium and 150mmol/l of chloride. When administered intravenously it will replace depleted water, sodium and chloride and restore water balance, plasma volume and extracellular electrolytes.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

Pharmacokinetics cannot readily be applied to fluid therapy since most of the infused solution is predominantly water, which on infusion will become incorporated into water rich plasma.

6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1 List of excipients

Water for injections

6.2 Incompatibilities

Noradrenaline acid tartrate

6.3 Shelf life

Packaging Format 1

Shelf-life of the 500ml and 1000ml bags as packaged for sale: 2 years.

Packaging Format 2

Shelf-life of the 250ml, 500ml and 1000ml bags as packaged for sale: 3 years

Shelf-life of the 100ml bag as packaged for sale: 2 years

6.4 Special precautions for storage

Do not store above 25^oC.

For single use only; any remaining solution should be discarded.

This product does not contain an antimicrobial preservative.

Do not freeze.

6.5 Nature and composition of immediate packaging

Packaging Format 1

A colourless, transparent flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bag with a blue PVC twist off giving set port and a re-sealable additives port, containing 500ml or 1000ml clear colourless solution.

PVC bags are overwrapped with HDPE.

Packaging Format 2

A colourless, transparent flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bag with re-sealable polyisoprene/polycarbonate giving set and additive ports, containing 100ml, 250ml, 500ml or 1000ml clear colourless solution.

PVC bags are overwrapped with polypropylene.

Pack sizes

Cardboard box containing

50 bags of 100 ml solution for infusion

30 bags of 250 ml solution for infusion

20 bags of 500 ml solution for infusion

10 bags of 1000 ml solution for infusion

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

6.6 Special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from the use of such products, if appropriate

Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal products should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Animalcare Ltd

10 Great North Way

York Business Park

Nether Poppleton

York

YO26 6RB

8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER

Vm 10347/4006

9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION

Date: 7 June 1988

10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

Date: July 2015

APPROVED 15/07/15