Summary of Product Characteristics

1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Coldostin, 4800000 IU/g, powder for use in drinking water/milk

2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Per gram:

Active substance:

Colistin sulfate 4 800 000 IU

Excipients:

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1

.

3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Powder for use in drinking water/milk.

White to off-white powder.

4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Target species

Cattle (calf), sheep (lamb), pig, chicken and turkey.

4.2 Indications for use, specifying the target species

Treatment and metaphylaxis of gastrointestinal infections caused by non-invasive Escherichia colisusceptible to colistin.

The presence of the disease in the herd should be established before metaphylactic treatment.

4.3 Contraindications

Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to colistin or to any of the excipients.

Do not use in case of resistance to polymyxins.

Do not use in horses, particularly in foals, since colistin, due to a shift in the gastrointestinal microflora balance could lead to the development of antimicrobial associated colitis (Colitis X), typically associated with Clostridium difficile, which may be fatal.

4.4 Special warnings for each target species

As an adjunct to treatment, good management and hygiene practices should be introduced in order to reduce the risk of infection and to control the potential build-up of resistance.

Colistin exerts concentration-dependent activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Following oral administration high concentrations are achieved in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. the target site, due to the poor absorption of the substance. These factors indicate that a longer duration of treatment than the one indicated in section 4.9, leading to unnecessary exposure, is not recommended.

4.5 Special precautions for use

Special precautions for use in animals

Do not use colistin as a substitute for good management practices.

Colistin is a last resort drug in human medicine for treatment of infections caused by certain multi-drug resistant bacteria. In order to minimise any potential risk associated with widespread use of colistin, its use should be limited to treatment or treatment and metaphylaxis of diseases, and should not be used for prophylaxis.

Whenever possible, colistin should only be used based on susceptibility testing.

Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may lead to treatment failures and increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to colistin.

In the case of newborn animals and animals with severe gastrointestinal and renal disorders, systemic exposure to colistin may be increased. Neuro- and nephrotoxic alterations may occur.

Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals

When handling the product direct contact of the product with the skin, eyes and mucous membranes and inhalation of dust particles should be avoided.

People with known hypersensitivity to polymyxines, such as colistin, should avoid contact with the veterinary medicinal product.

The wearing of approved dust masks (either a disposable half-mask respirator conforming to European Standard EN 149 or a non-disposable respirator to European Standard EN 140 with a filter to EN 143), impervious gloves, overalls and safety glasses are recommended during the handling and mixing of this veterinary medicinal product.

Wash exposed skin after preparation. In case of accidental projection into the eyes, rinse abundantly with water.

Wash hands after use.

Wash your clothes daily after using the product.

Use the product in places with suitable ventilation.

Do not smoke, eat or drink when handling the product.

If symptoms such as rash appear after exposure, seek medical advice immediately and show the package leaflet or the label to the physician. Swelling of the face, lips or eyes or respiratory difficulties are the most serious signs which require urgent medical attention.

Other precaution

Colistin is classified as a very persistent substance in soil.

4.6 Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)

None known.

4.7 Use during pregnancy and lactation

The safety of colistin during pregnancy, lactation or lay was not investigated in target species. However, colistin is poorly absorbed after oral administration; therefore the use of colistin during pregnancy, lactation or lay should not lead to particular problems. Use only accordingly to the benefit-risk assessment by the responsible veterinarian during these periods.

4.8 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

After oral administration of colistin sulfate interaction with anaesthetics and myorelaxants may not be excluded in individual cases. The combination with aminoglycosides and levamisole should be avoided. The effects of colistin sulfate may be antagonized by binary cations (iron, calcium, magnesium) and by unsaturated fatty acids and polyphosphates.

There is cross-resistance between colistin and polymyxin B.

4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration route

To be administered orally in the drinking water or milk(replacer).

Dosage:

Calves, lambs and pigs:

100 000 IU of colistin per kilogram body weight i.e. 1 g of product per 48 kg body weight daily for 3-5 consecutive days.

Chickens and turkeys:

75 000 IU of colistin per kilogram body weight i.e. 1 g of product per 64 kg body weight daily for 3-5 consecutive days.

Duration of treatment should be limited to the minimum time necessary for the treatment of the disease.

For the administration through the drinking water, the exact daily amount of product should be calculated, based on the recommended dose, and the number and weight of the animals to be treated, according to the following formula:

..... mg product per kg body weight per day	X	mean body weight (kg) of animals to be treated	=.... mg product per litre of drinking water
Mean daily water consumption (litre per animal)

To ensure a correct dosage, body weight should be determined as accurately as possible to avoid underdosing.

The uptake of medicated water depends on the physiological and clinical conditions of the animals. In order to obtain the correct dosage the concentration of colistin has to be adjusted accordingly.

The product may be introduced via a water proportioner pump. Select the treatment dosage. Set the proportioner at the desired delivery rate. To prepare the stock solution, place the indicated quantity of product in a 10-litre container, fill with water and stir until dissolved. The maximum recommended concentration is 250 grams of product per 10 litres of drinking water and 500 mg of product per litre of milk (replacer).

The medicated1 water should be the only source of drinking water for the animals for the entire duration of the treatment period.

Water uptake should be monitored at frequent intervals.

After the end of the medication period, the water supply system should be cleaned appropriately to avoid intake of sub-therapeutic amounts of the active substance.

For accurate dosing, use a suitably calibrated measuring device.

Medicated drinking water should be freshly prepared every 24 hours.

The medicated milk (replacer) should be used within 4 hours.

4.10 Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary

None.

4.11 Withdrawal period

Cattle (calves) and sheep (lambs):

Meat and offal: 1 day.

Milk: not authorised for use in animals producing milk for human consumption.

Pigs:

Meat and offal: 1 day.

Chickens and turkeys

Meat and offal: 1 day.

Eggs: zero days.

5. Pharmacological Properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group:Intestinal antiinfectives, antibiotics

ATCvet-code:QA07AA10

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Colistin exerts concentration-dependent activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Following oral administration high concentrations are achieved in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. the target site, due to the poor absorption of the substance.

Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic belonging to the polymyxin class.

Colistin exerts a bactericidal action on susceptible bacterial strains by disruption of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane leading to an alteration of cell permeability and then a leakage of intracellular materials.

Colistin has a potent bactericidal action against Gram negative bacteria especially enterobacteria and more particularly Escherichia coli.

Colistin possesses very little activity against Gram positive bacteria and fungi.

Gram-positive bacteria are naturally resistant to colistin, as are some species of Gram-negative bacteria such as Proteus and Serratia.

However, acquired resistance of Gram-negative enteric bacteria to colistin is rare and explained by a single step mutation.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

Colistin (as sulfate) is poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.

In contrast to the very low concentrations of colistin in serum and tissues, high and persistent amounts are present within the different sections of the gastro intestinal tract.

No significant metabolism is observed.

Colistin is almost exclusively eliminated via the faeces.

5.3 Environmental properties

Colistin is classified as a very persistent substance in soil.

6. pharmaceutical particulars

Lactose monohydrate

Macrogol 400

In the absence of compatibility studies, this product should not be mixed with other veterinary medicinal products.

Shelf life of the veterinary medicinal product as packaged for sale: 2 years.

Shelf life after first opening of the immediate packaging: 3 months.

Shelf life after reconstitution in drinking water according to directions: 24 hours.

Shelf life after reconstitution in milk/milk replacer according to directions: 4 hours.

6.4 Special precautions for storage

Store in the tightly closed, original container, in order to protect from light.

Hardboard tin provided with an inner lining of aluminium-paper (polyethylene terephthalate coated on both sides) and a seamed tin-plate bottom, closed with a tear-off aluminium membrane coated with polyethylene terephtalate on both sides and a low density polyethylene lid. The tin contains 1 kg of product. A polystyrene measuring spoon, containing 3 grams of product per levelled measuring spoon is included.

6.6 Special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal products or waste materials derived from the use of such products

Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste material derived from such veterinary medicinal product should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Dopharma Research B.V.

Zalmweg 24

4941 VX Raamsdonksveer

The Netherlands

8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER

Vm 28365/4010

9. date of the first authorisation

25 October 2016

10. DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

October 2016

prohibition of sale, supply and/or use

To be supplied only on veterinary prescription.

Approved: 25/10/2016