Summary of Prodcuct Characteristics

1. NAME OF THE VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Enrox Max 100 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle and Pigs

Enroxal Max 100 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle and Pigs (IT, DE)

Enrox 100, 100 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cattle and Pigs (ES)

2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Each ml contains:

Active substance:

Enrofloxacin 100 mg

Excipients:

Benzyl alcohol (E1519)	20 mg
Butyl alcohol	30 mg

For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.

3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Solution for injection.

Clear, yellow solution.

4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 Target species

Cattle and Pigs.

4.2 Indications for use,specifying the target species

Cattle:

For the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by enrofloxacin-sensitive Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasmaspp. For the treatment of mastitis caused by enrofloxacin-sensitive E. coli.

Pigs:

For the treatment of bacterial bronchopneumonia caused by enrofloxacin-sensitive Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida and complicated by Haemophilus parasuis as secondary pathogenin pigs..

4.3 Contraindications

Do not use for prophylaxis.

Do not administer in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.

Do not use in animals with central nervous system-associated seizure disorders. Do not use in the presence of existing disorders of cartilage development or musculoskeletal damage around functionally significant or weight-bearing joints.

Do not use in case of resistance against other fluoroquinolone due to the potential for cross-resistance.

4.4 Special warnings for each target species

None.

4.5 Special precautions for use

Official and local antimicrobial policies should be taken into account when the product is used.

Fluoroquinolones should be reserved for the treatment of clinical conditions which have responded poorly, or are expected to respond poorly, to other classes of antimicrobials.

Whenever possible, fluoroquinolones should only be used based on susceptibility testing.

Use of the product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to the fluoroquinolones and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with other quinolones due to the potential for cross resistance.

If there is no clinical improvement observed within 2-3 days of therapy, re-evaluation of treratment and susceptibility testing may be necessary.

Direct contact with the skin should be avoided due to sensitisation, contact dermatitis and possible hypersensitivity reactions.

People with known hypersensitivity to (fluoro)quinolones should avoid contact with the product.

Wash hands after use.

In the event of accidental splash into the eye, rinse with large amounts of clean water. If irritation occurs, seek medical advice.

Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling the product.

Take care to avoid accidental self-injection.

In case of accidental self-injection, seek medical advice immediately and show the package leaflet or label to the physician.

4.6 Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)

In rare cases, transitory inflammatory reactions (swelling, redness) can occur at the injection site. These regress within a few days without further therapeutic measures.

In rare cases, intravenous administration can cause shock reactions in cattle, probably as a result of circulatory disturbances.

Gastrointestinal disturbances may occur in isolated cases during treatment of calves.

4.7 Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay

Can be used during pregnancy and lactation.

4.8 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Antagonist effects due to concurrent administration of macrolides and tetracyclines may occur. Enrofloxacin may interfere with the metabolism of theophylline, decreasing theophylline clearance.

4.9 Amounts to be administered and administration route

To ensure a correct dosage, body weight should be determined as accurately as possible to avoid underdosing.

Dosage and duration of treatment:

Cattle:

For respiratory infections: administer by subcutaneous injection:

A single dose of 7.5 mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight/day (7.5 ml of the product /100 kg body weight/day)

Not more than 15 ml of the product (7.5 ml in calves) should be administered at one subcutaneous injection site.

In cases of severe or chronic respiratory tract infections, a second injection may be required after 48 hours. Repeated injections should be administered at different sites.

For E. colimastitis in cattle: administer by slow intravenous injection.

5 mg enrofloxacin/kg body weight/day (5.0 ml of the product/100 kg body weight/day) daily for 2-3 days.

Pigs:

For respiratory infections: administer by intramuscular injection in neck musculature behind the ear:

A single dose of 7.5 mg enrofloxacin/kg bodyweight/day (0.75 ml of the product/10 kg body weight/day)

Not more than 7.5 ml of the product should be administered at one intramuscular injection site.

In cases of severe or chronic respiratory tract infections, a second injection may be required after 48 hours. Repeated injections should be administered at different sites.

4.10 Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary

In cattle, a dose of 25 mg/kg bodyweight administered by the subcutaneous route for 15 consecutive days is tolerated without any clinical symptoms. Clinical signs seen in gross overdosage include lethargy, lameness, ataxia, slight salivation and muscle tremors.

In pigs, doses of around 25 mg active ingredient per kg body weight and above may cause lethargy, loss of appetite and ataxia.

Do not exceed the recommended dose. In accidental overdose there is no antidote and treatment should be symptomatic.

4.11 Withdrawal periods

Cattle:

Meat and offal: s.c.: 14 days

i.v.: 7 days

Milk: s.c.: 120 hours

i.v.: 72 hours

Pigs:

Meat and offal: i.m. use: 12 days

5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Pharmacotherapeutic group:antibacterials for systemic use, fluoroquinolones

ATCvet code:QJ01MA90

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Enrofloxacin belongs to the fluoroquinolone group of antibiotics. The substance has bactericidal activity which is mediated by binding to subunit A of DNA gyrase and the resulting selective inhibition of this enzyme.

DNA gyrase is a topoisomerase. These enzymes are involved in the replication, transcription and recombination of bacterial DNA. Fluoroquinolones also influence bacteria in the stationary phase by altering cell wall permeability. Thus, the viability of bacetria is quickly reduced. The inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of enrofloxacin are very close, being either identical or differing by no more than 1-2 dilution steps. Enrofloxacin has antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive organisms, most Gram-negative organisms (including Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, E. coli, Haemophilus parasuis, Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida) and Mycoplasmaspp.

Enrofloxacin reference breakpoints are available for Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocidaand Histophilus somniisolated from cattle (≥ 2 µg/ml, CLSI document M31-A3) and for Pasteurella multocida and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeisolated from pigs (≥ 1 µg/ml, CLSI document M31-A4).

Resistance to fluoroquinolones has been reported to arise from five sources, (i) point mutations in the genes encoding for DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV leading to alterations of the respective enzyme, (ii) alterations of drug permeability in Gram-negative bacteria, (iii) efflux mechanisms, (iv) plasmid mediated resistance and (v) gyrase protecting proteins. All mechanisms lead to a reduced susceptibility of the bacteria to fluoroquinolones. Cross-resistance within the fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobials is common.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic particulars

Following subcutaneous administration in cattle and intramuscular administration in pigs, the active ingredient enrofloxacin is absorbed very rapidly and almost completely (high bioavailability). Peak serum concentrations of the active ingredient are reached after 1- 2 hours.

Therapeutic concentrations are maintained for a period of at least 48 hours.

Enrofloxacin has a high volume of distribution. The concentrations in the tissues and organs mostly significantly exceed serum levels. Organs in which high concentrations can be expected include the lungs, liver, kidneys, gut and muscle tissue.

Enrofloxacin is eliminated renally; as with other fluoroquinolones, delayed excretion may be observed in presence of renal impairment.

6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1 List of excipients

Benzyl alcohol (E1519)

Butyl alcohol

L-Arginine

Water for injection

6.2 Incompatibilities

In the absence of compatibility studies, this veterinary medicinal product must not be mixed with other veterinary medicinal products.

6.3 Shelf life

Shelf-life of the veterinary medicinal product as package for sale: 5 years.

Shelf-life after first opening the immediate packaging: 28 days.

6.4. Special precautions for storage

Store in the original package. Do not freeze.

6.5 Nature and composition of immediate packaging

Amber glass Type 2 multi-dose vials of 100 ml with bromobutyl rubber stopper and aluminium seal.

6.6 Special precautions for the disposal of unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from the use of such products

Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal products should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

7. MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

KRKA, d.d., Novo mesto

Šmarješka cesta 6

8501 Novo mesto

Slovenia

8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER

Vm:01656/4067

9. DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION

Date: 28 November 2013

10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

Date: December 2013

PROHIBITION OF SALE, SUPPLY AND/OR USE

Not applicable.