Amisulpride 200 Mg Tablets
Out of date information, search anotherSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Amisulpride 200 mg Tablets
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains 200 mg amisulpride.
Excipient with known effect:
Each tablet contains 65.12 mg lactose monohydrate.
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Tablet
White round tablet with ‘AMI’ breakline ‘200’ on one side and ‘G’ on the reverse, 10 mm in diameter.
The tablet can be divided into equal doses.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Amisulpride is indicated for the treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenic disorders with:
• positive symptoms (such as delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders, hostility, suspiciousness), and/or
• negative symptoms (deficit syndrome) such as blunted affect, emotional and social withdrawal
This includes patients with predominant negative symptoms.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
Positive symptoms:
For acute psychotic episodes, a daily dose between 400 mg and 800 mg is recommended.
In individual cases, the daily dose may be increased up to 1200 mg. Doses above 1200 mg/day have not been extensively evaluated for safety and therefore should not be used.
No specific titration is required when initiating treatment. Doses should be adjusted according to individual response.
For patients with mixed positive and negative symptoms, doses should be adjusted to obtain optimal control of positive symptoms.
Maintenance treatment should be established individually with the minimally effective dose.
Predominant negative symptoms (deficit syndrome)
A daily dose between 50 mg and 300 mg is recommended. Doses should be adjusted individually.
Amisulpride can be administered once daily at doses up to 300 mg, higher doses should be administered twice daily.
The minimum effective dose should be used.
Special populations Elderly patients over 65 years
Treatment of elderly patients is not recommended. The safety of amisulpride has been examined in a limited number of elderly patients. If treatment with amisulpride is absolutely necessary, particular caution is required due to a possible risk of hypotension or sedation. Reduction in dosage may also be required because of renal insufficiency.
Paediatric population
The efficacy and safety of amisulpride in children and adolescents under 18 years of age have not been established. There are only limited data available on the use of amisulpride in adolescents in schizophrenia. Therefore, amisulpride should not be used in adolescents from 15 to 18 years of age until further data are available. If absolutely required, treatment of adolescents must be initiated and performed by a physician experienced in treating schizophrenia in this age group. The use of amisulpride is contraindicated in children and adolescents under 15 years of age (see section 4.3).
Renal insufficiency
Amisulpride is eliminated by the renal route. In renal insufficiency, the dose should be reduced to half in patients with creatinine clearance (CRcL) between 30-60 mL/min and to a third in patients with CRCL between 10-30 mL/min. As there is no experience in patients with severe renal impairment (CRCL < 10 mL/min), amisulpride should not be used in these patients (see section 4.4).
Hepatic insufficiency
Since amisulpride is weakly metabolised, a dosage reduction should not be necessary.
Duration of treatment
Data from controlled clinical trials covering a period of 1 year is available. The duration of treatment should be determined by the treating physician.
To avoid withdrawal symptoms treatment should be discontinued gradually (see section 4.4).
Method of administration For oral use.
Tablets should be swallowed whole or halved, with a sufficient amount of liquid. Amisulpride can be administered independently from meals.
4.3 Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
• Concomitant prolactin-dependent tumours e.g. pituitary gland prolactinomas or breast cancer.
• Phaeochromocytoma.
• Children and adolescents under 15 years of age (see section 4.2).
• Lactation (see section 4.6).
• In combination with levodopa (see section 4.5).
• In combination with the following medicinal products which could induce torsade de pointes (see section 4.5):
o class Ia antiarrhythmics such as quinidine and disopyramide o class III antiarrhythmics such as amiodarone and sotalol
o other medicinal products such as bepridil, cisapride, sultopride, thioridazine, methadone, erythromycin (intravenous application), vincamine (intravenous application), halofantrine, pentamidine, sparfloxacin, azole antifungals
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
As with other neuroleptics, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, a potentially fatal complication, characterised by hyperthermia, muscle rigidity and autonomic instability, and elevated CPK may occur. In the event of hyperthermia, particularly with high daily doses, all antipsychotic drugs including amisulpride should be discontinued.
As with other antidopaminergic agents, caution should be also exercised when prescribing amisulpride to patients with Parkinson’s disease, since it may cause worsening of the disease. Amisulpride should be used only if neuroleptic treatment cannot be avoided.
Prolongation of the QT interval:
Amisulpride induces a dose-dependent prolongation of the QT interval (see section 4.8). This effect is known to potentiate the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes. Before any administration, and if possible according to the patient's clinical status, it is recommended to exclude the following factors which could favour the occurrence of this rhythm disorder:
• bradycardia less than 55 bpm
• cardiac disease or family history of sudden death or QT prolongation
• electrolyte imbalance, in particular hypokalaemia
• congenital prolongation of the QT interval
• on-going treatment with a medicinal product likely to produce pronounced bradycardia (< 55 bpm), hypokalaemia, decreased intracardiac conduction, or prolongation of the QT interval (see section 4.5).
Baseline ECG is recommended prior to treatment in all patients especially in the elderly and patients with a positive personal or family history of cardiac disease or abnormal findings on cardiac clinical examination. During therapy, the need for ECG monitoring (e.g. at dose escalation) should be assessed on an individual patient basis. The dose of amisulpride should be reduced if QT is prolonged and discontinued if QTc is >500ms.
Periodic electrolyte monitoring is recommended particularly if the patient is taking diuretics or during inter-current illness.
Concomitant use with antipsychotics should be avoided (see section 4.5).
In randomised clinical trials versus placebo performed in a population of elderly patients with dementia and treated with certain atypical antipsychotic drugs, a 3-fold increase of the risk of cerebrovascular events has been observed. The mechanism of such risk increase is not known. An increase in the risk with other antipsychotic drugs, or other populations of patients cannot be excluded. Amisulpride should be used with caution in patients with stroke risk factors.
Elderly patients with dementia:
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of seventeen placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death in drug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group. Although the causes of death in clinical trials with atypical antipsychotics were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g. heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g. pneumonia) in nature. Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality.
The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear.
Venous thromboembolism:
Cases of venous thromboembolism, (VTE) have been reported with antipsychotic drugs. Since patients treated with antipsychotics often present with acquired risk factors for VTE, all possible risk factors for VTE should be identified before and during treatment with Amisulpride and preventative measures undertaken.
Hyperglycaemia has been reported in patients treated with some atypical antipsychotic agents, including amisulpride, therefore patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or with risk factors for diabetes who are started on amisulpride, should get appropriate glycaemic monitoring.
Amisulpride may lower the seizure threshold. Therefore patients with a history of epilepsy should be closely monitored during amisulpride therapy.
Amisulpride is eliminated by the renal route. In cases of renal insufficiency, the dose should be decreased or intermittent treatment could be considered (see section 4.2).
In elderly patients, amisulpride, like other neuroleptics, should be used with particular caution because of a possible risk of hypotension and sedation. Reduction in dosage may also be required because of renal insufficiency.
Withdrawal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting and insomnia, have been described after abrupt cessation of high therapeutic doses of antipsychotic drugs. Recurrence of psychotic symptoms may also occur, and the emergence of involuntary movement disorders (such as akathisia, dystonia, and dyskinesia) has been reported with amisulpride. Therefore, gradual withdrawal of amisulpride is advisable.
Leukopenia, neutropenia and agranulocytosis have been reported with antipsychotics, including amisulpride. Unexplained infections or fever may be evidence of blood dyscrasia (see section 4.8) and requires immediate haematological investigation.
Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Contraindicated combinations (see also section 4.3):
• Medicinal products which could induce torsade de pointes:
o class Ia antiarrhythmics such as quinidine and disopyramide
o class III antiarrhythmics such as amiodarone and sotalol
o other medicinal products such as bepridil, cisapride, sultopride, thioridazine, methadone, erythromycin (intravenous application), vincamine (intravenous application), halofantrine, pentamidine, sparfloxacin, azole antifungals.
• Levodopa: reciprocal antagonism of effects between levodopa and neuroleptics. Amisulpride may oppose the effect of dopamine agonists e.g. bromocriptine, ropinirole.
Combinations not recommended:
• Medicinal products which enhance the risk of torsade de pointes or could prolong the QT interval:
o bradycardia-inducing medicinal products such as beta-blockers,
bradycardia-inducing calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem and verapamil, clonidine, guanfacine; and digitalis
o medicinal products which induce hypokalaemia or electrolyte imbalance: hypokalemic diuretics, stimulant laxatives, amphotericin B (intravenous application), glucocorticoids, and tetracosactides. Hypokalaemia should be corrected.
o antipsychotics such as pimozide, and haloperidol o imipramine antidepressants o lithium
o some antihistamines such as astemizole, and terfenadine o mefloquine
Amisulpride may enhance the effects of alcohol. Therefore alcohol should not be consumed during treatment.
Combinations which require precautions for use:
Concomitant use of the following agents can lead to potentiation of the effect:
• CNS depressants including narcotics, anaesthetics, analgesics, sedative H1 antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines and other anxiolytics, clonidine and derivatives.
• Antihypertensive drugs and other hypotensive medications.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
In animals, amisulpride did not show reproductive toxicity. A decrease in fertility linked to the pharmacological effects of the drug (prolactin mediated effect) was observed. No teratogenic effects of amisulpride were noted.
Very limited clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. Therefore, the safety of amisulpride during human pregnancy has not been established. Use of the drug is not recommended during pregnancy unless the benefits justify the potential risks.
For women of childbearing potential, effective contraception should be fully discussed with the physician prior to treatment.
Neonates exposed to antipsychotics, including amisulpride, during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk of adverse reactions including extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms that may vary in severity and duration following delivery (see section 4.8). There have been reports of agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress, or feeding disorder. Consequently, newborns should be monitored carefully.
Lactation
It is not known whether amisulpride is excreted in breast milk, breast-feeding is therefore contraindicated.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Even when used as recommended, amisulpride may cause somnolence so that the ability to drive vehicles or operate machinery can be impaired (see section 4.8).
4.8 Undesirable effects
Adverse reactions have been ranked under headings of frequency using the following convention:
Very common (>1/10);
Common (>1/100 to <1/10);
Uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100);
Rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000);
Very rare (<1/10,000);
Frequency not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Clinical trials data
The following adverse effects have been observed in controlled clinical trials. It should be noted that in some instances it could be difficult to differentiate adverse events from symptoms of the underlying disease.
Immune system disorders: Uncommon: Allergic reactions
Endocrine disorders:
Common: increase in plasma prolactin levels which is reversible after discontinuation. This may result in galactorrhoea, amenorrhoea or menstrual disorders, gynaecomastia, breast pain or enlargement, prolactinoma (see section 4.3) and erectile dysfunction.
Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Uncommon: Hyperglycaemia (see section 4.4)
Psychiatric disorders:
Common: Insomnia, anxiety, agitation, orgasmic dysfunction
Nervous system disorders:
Very common: Extrapyramidal symptoms may occur: tremor, rigidity, hypokinesia, hypersalivation, akathisia, dyskinesia. These symptoms are generally mild at optimal dosages and partially reversible without discontinuation of amisulpride upon administration of antiparkinsonian medication. The incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms, which is dose related, remains very low in the treatment of patients with predominantly negative symptoms with doses of 50-300mg/day.
Common: Acute dystonia (spasm torticollis, oculogyric crisis, trismus) may appear. This is reversible without discontinuation of amisulpride upon administration of antiparkinsonian medication.
Somnolence.
Uncommon: Tardive dyskinesia characterised by rhythmic, involuntary movements primarily of the tongue and/or face has been reported, usually after long-term administration. Antiparkinsonian medication should not be used as it is ineffective and may induce aggravation of the symptoms. Seizures
Cardiac disorders: Common: Hypotension Uncommon: Bradycardia
Gastrointestinal disorders:
Common: Constipation, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth.
General disorders and administration site conditions:
Rare: Acute withdrawal symptoms including nausea, vomiting and insomnia after abrupt cessation of high doses, also recurrence of psychotic symptoms, emergence of involuntary movement disorders (such as akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesia) (see section 4.4).
Investigations:
Common: Weight gain
Uncommon: Elevations of hepatic enzymes, mainly transaminases
Post-marketing data:
In addition, cases of the following adverse reactions have been reported through spontaneous reporting only:
Blood and Lymphatic system disorders
Frequency not known: Leukopenia, neutropenia and agranulocytosis (see section 4.4)
Nervous system disorders:
Frequency not known: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptom (see section 4.4), which is a potentially fatal complication.
Cardiac disorders:
Frequency not known: QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias such as torsade de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, which may result in ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest, sudden death (see section 4.4).
Vascular disorders:
Frequency not known: Venous thromboembolism, including pulmonary embolism, sometimes fatal, and deep vein thrombosis.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders Frequency not known: Angioedema, urticaria
Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
Frequency not known: Drug withdrawal syndrome neonatal (see section 4.6)
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
Experience with amisulpride in overdosage is limited. Exaggeration of the known pharmacological effects of the drug has been reported. These include drowsiness, sedation, hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, and coma. Fatal outcomes have been reported mainly in combination with other psychotropic agents.
In cases of acute overdose, the possibility of multiple drug intake should be considered.
Since amisulpride is weakly dialysed, haemodialysis is of no use to eliminate the drug.
There is no specific antidote to amisulpride. Appropriate supportive measures should therefore be instituted with close supervision of vital functions including continuous cardiac monitoring due to the risk of prolongation of QT interval until the patient recovers.
If severe extrapyramidal symptoms occur, anticholinergic agents should be administered.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: antipsychotics: benzamides
ATC code: N05AL05
Amisulpride binds selectively with a high affinity to human dopaminergic D2/D3 receptor subtypes whereas it is devoid of affinity for D1, D4 and D5 receptor subtypes.
Unlike classical and atypical neuroleptics, amisulpride has no affinity for serotonin, alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1and cholinergic receptors. In addition, amisulpride does not bind to sigma receptors.
In animal studies, at high doses, amisulpride blocks dopamine receptors in the limbic structure in preference to those in the striatum. At low doses it preferentially blocks pre-synaptic D2/D3 receptors, producing dopamine release responsible for its disinhibitory effects.
This pharmacological profile explains the clinical efficacy of amisulpride when used for both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption
In man, amisulpride shows two absorption peaks: one which is attained rapidly, one hour post-dose and a second between 3 and 4 hours after administration. Corresponding plasma concentrations are 39 ± 3 and 54 ± 4 ng/ml after a 50 mg dose. Absolute bioavailability is 48%.
A carbohydrate rich meal (containing 68% fluids) significantly decreases the AUCs, Tmax and Cmax of amisulpride but no changes were seen after a high fat meal. However, the significance of these findings in routine clinical use is not known.
Distribution
The volume of distribution is 5.8 l/kg, plasma protein binding is low (16%) and no drug interactions are known.
Biotransformation
Amisulpride is weakly metabolised: two inactive metabolites which account for approximately 4% of the dose have been identified. There is no accumulation of amisulpride and its pharmacokinetics remains unchanged after the administration of repeated doses.
Elimination
The elimination half-life of amisulpride is approximately 12 hours after an oral dose. Amisulpride is eliminated unchanged in the urine. 50% of an intravenous dose is excreted via the urine, of which 90% is eliminated in the first 24 hours. Renal clearance is in the order of 20 l/h or 330 ml/min.
Hepatic impairment:
Since amisulpride is weakly metabolised, a dosage reduction should not be necessary in patients with hepatic insufficiency.
Renal impairment:
The elimination half-life is increased in patients with renal insufficiency while systemic clearance is reduced by a factor of 2.5 to 3. The AUC of amisulpride in mild renal failure increased two fold and almost tenfold in moderate renal failure (see section 4.2). Experience is however limited and there is no data with doses greater than 50 mg.
Amisulpride is very weakly dialysed.
Older people
Limited pharmacokinetic data in elderly subjects (> 65 years) show that a 10-30 % rise occurs in Cmax, Tm and AUC after a single oral dose of 50 mg. No data are available after repeat dosing.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
An overall review of the completed safety studies indicates that amisulpride is devoid of any general, organ-specific, teratogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic risk. Changes observed in rats and dogs at doses below the maximum tolerated dose are either pharmacological effects or are devoid of major toxicological significance under these conditions.
Compared with the maximum recommended dosages in man, maximum tolerated doses are 2 and 7 times greater in the rat (200 mg/kg/d) and dog (120 mg/kg/d), respectively in terms of AUC No carcinogenic risk, relevant to man was identified in the rat at up to 1.5 to 4.5 times the expected human AUC.
A mouse carcinogenicity study (120 mg/kg/d) and reproductive studies (160, 300 and 500 mg/kg/d respectively in rat, rabbit and mouse) were performed. The exposure of the animals to amisulpride during these latter studies was not evaluated.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Lactose monohydrate
Cellulose microcrystalline Sodium starch glycolate (Type A)
Hypromellose Magnesium stearate
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf life
3 years
6.4 Special precautions for storage
This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions
6.5 Nature and contents of container
PVC/Aluminium foil blister packs containing: 20, 30, 50, 60, 90, 100, 120, 150 tablets.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special requirements.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Ivowen Limited 3 Anglesea St Clonmel Co. Tipperary Ireland
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 20154/0036
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
26/08/2014
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
26/08/2014