Anadin Extra
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Anadin Extra
2
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Active Ingredients:
Aspirin BP 300 mg/tablet
Paracetamol Ph Eur 200 mg/tablet
Caffeine Ph Eur 45 mg/tablet
For excipients see section 6.1
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Tablet for oral administration.
White, capsule shaped tablet with a break bar on one side, with the letter ‘A’ and ‘E’ debossed on the other.
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1. Therapeutic indications
For the treatment of mild to moderate pain including headache, migraine, neuralgia, toothache, sore throat, period pains, symptomatic relief of sprains, strains, rheumatic pain, sciatica, lumbago, fibrositis, muscular aches and pains, joint swelling and stiffness, influenza, feverishness and feverish colds.
4.2
Posology and method of administration
Adults, the elderly and young persons aged 16 and over:
2 tablets every 4 hours to a maximum of 8 tablets in 24 hours.
Do not give to children aged under 16 years, unless specifically indicated (e.g. for Kawasaki’s disease).
4.3. Contra-indications
Hypersensitivity to the active ingredients or any of the other constituents. Peptic ulceration and those with a history of peptic ulceration; haemophilia, concurrent anti-coagulant therapy; children under 16 years and when breast feeding because of possible risk of Reyes Syndrome.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Caution should be exercised in patients with asthma, allergic disease, impairment of hepatic or renal function (avoid if severe) and dehydration. The hazards of overdose are greater in those with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease.
Do not take if you have a stomach ulcer.
Do not take more medicine than the label tells you to. If you do not get better, talk to your doctor.
Do not take anything else containing paracetamol while taking this medicine.
Talk to your doctor at once if you take too much of this medicine, even if you feel well. This is because too much paracetamol can cause delayed, serious liver damage.
There is a possible association between aspirin and Reye’s syndrome when given to children. Reye’s syndrome is a very rare disease, which affects the brain and liver, and can be fatal. For this reason aspirin should not be given to children under 16 years unless specifically indicated (e.g. Kawasaki’s disease).
Patients should be advised that paracetamol may cause severe skin reactions. If a skin reaction such as skin reddening, blisters, or rash occurs, they should stop use and seek medical assistance right away.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Aspirin:
Other NSAIDS and corticosteroids: Concurrent use of other NSAIDS or corticosteroids may increase the likelihood of GI side effects.
Diuretics: Antagonism of the diuretic effect.
Anticoagulants: Increased risk of bleeding due to antiplatelet effect.
Metoclopramide: Metoclopramide increases the rate of absorption of aspirin. However, concurrent use need not be avoided.
Phenytoin : The effect of phenytoin may be enhanced by aspirin. However, no special precautions are needed.
Valproate: The effect of valproate may be enhanced by aspirin.
Methotrexate: Delayed excretion and increased toxicity of methotrexate.
Paracetamol:
Cholestyramine: The speed of absorption of paracetamol is reduced by cholestyramine. Therefore, the cholestyramine should not be taken within one hour if maximal analgesia is required.
Metoclopramide and Domperidone : The speed of absorption of paracetamol is increased by metoclopramide and domperidone. However, concurrent use need not be avoided.
Warfarin: The anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular use of paracetamol with increased risk of bleeding; occasional doses have no significant effect.
Chloramphenicol: Increased plasma concentration of chloramphenicol.
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
There is clinical and epidemiological evidence of safety of aspirin in pregnancy, but it may prolong labour and contribute to material and neonatal bleeding, and so should not be used in late pregnancy.
Aspirin appears in breast milk, and regular high doses may affect neonatal clotting. Not recommended while breast-feeding due to possible risk of Reye's Syndrome as well as neonatal bleeding due to hypoprothrombinaemia.
Epidemiological studies in human pregnancy have shown no ill effects due to paracetamol used in the recommended dosage, but patients should follow the advice of the doctor regarding its use. Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk but not in a significant amount. Available published data do not contraindicate breast feeling.
Caffeine appears in breast milk. Irritability and poor sleeping pattern in the infant have been reported.
4.7. Effects on ability to drive and use machines
None stated.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Side effects are mild and infrequent, but there is a high incidence of gastro-intestinal irritation with slight asymptomatic blood loss. Increased bleeding time. Aspirin may precipitate bronchospasm and induce asthma attacks or other hypersensitivity reactions, such as skin reactions (including angioedema and face oedema) in susceptible individuals.
Aspirin may induce gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, occasionally major. It may precipitate gout in susceptible individuals. Possible risk of Reye's Syndrome in children under 16 years.
Adverse effects of paracetamol are rare. Very rare cases of serious skin reactions have been reported. There have been reports of blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia purpura, methaemoglobinaemia and agranulocytosis, but these were not necessarily causality related to paracetamol.
High doses of caffeine can cause tremor and palpitations.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
This product contains both paracetamol and aspirin, and as such, any overdose events should be assessed using information available on both active substances.
Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10g or more of paracetamol. Adults who have consumed more than 5g of paracetamol, may experience liver damage if they have one of the following risk factors:
• long term treatment with either anti-infectives, anti-epileptics or St John’s Wort, or any other drugs that induce liver enzymes
• regular consumption of ethanol in excess of recommended amounts
• likely to be glutathione deplete e.g. eating disorder, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, starvation, cachexia.
Salicylate poisoning is usually associated with plasma concentrations >350 mg/L (2.5 mmol/L). Most adult deaths occur in patients whose concentrations exceed 700 mg/L (5.1 mmol/L). Single doses less than 100 mg/kg are unlikely to cause serious poisoning.
Symptoms
Common features exist for both active substances when taken in overdose, but these can be tabulated as follows:
|
Paracetamol |
Aspirin |
Caffeine |
|
Within the first 24 hours: |
Common: |
Other symptoms of |
|
Pallor |
Vomiting, Dehydration, Tinnitus |
overdosage, |
|
Nausea |
Vertigo, Deafness, Sweating |
associated with the |
|
Vomiting |
Warm extremities with bounding |
caffeine component, |
|
Anorexia |
pulses Increased respiratory rate |
include: |
|
Abdominal pain |
Hyperventilation |
CNS stimulation; |
|
After 12-48 hours: |
Acid base disturbance |
anxiety, |
|
Liver damage |
Mixed respiratory alkalosis and |
nervousness, |
|
Abnormalities of glucose |
metabolic acidosis with normal or high |
restlessness, |
|
metabolism and metabolic |
arterial pH (normal or reduced |
insomnia, |
|
acidosis |
hydrogen ion concentration) in adults |
excitement, muscle |
|
Severe poisoning: |
and children aged over 4 years. |
twitching, |
|
Hepatic failure may |
In children aged 4 years or less, a |
confusion, |
|
progress to |
dominant metabolic acidosis with law |
convulsions |
|
encephalopathy, |
arterial pH (raised hydrogen ion |
Cardiac: |
|
haemorrhage, |
concentration) is common. |
tachycardia, cardiac |
|
hypoglycaemia, |
Acidosis can increase salicylate |
arrhythmia |
|
cerebral oedema and |
transfer across the blood brain barrier. |
Gastric: Abdominal |
|
death. |
Uncommon: |
or stomach pains |
|
With or without severe |
Haematemesis |
Other: diuresis, |
|
liver damage: |
Hyperpyrexia |
facial flushing |
|
Acute renal failure with |
Hypoglycaemia | |
|
acute tubular necrosis |
Hypokalaemia | |
|
strongly suggested by loin |
Thrombocytopenia | |
|
pain |
Increased INR/PTR | |
|
haematuria and |
Intravascular coagulation | |
|
proteinuria. |
Renal failure | |
|
Cardiac arrhythmias |
Non-cardiac pulmonary oedema | |
|
Pancreatitis |
Confusion, disorientation, coma and convulsions are more common in children than adults. |
Management
Paracetamol:
Immediate treatment is essential in the management of overdose due to the paracetamol content of the product.
There may be few or no initial symptoms, and these can be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF overdose section.
Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour.
Plasma paracetamol concentrations should be measured at 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable).
Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol; however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours postingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital.
Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction, or are under 10 years or over 70, beyond 24h from ingestion should be discussed with the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) or a liver unit.
Salicylates:
Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if salicylate plasma concentration is greater than 250mg/kg.
Plasma salicylate concentrations should be measured although the severity of poisoning cannot be determined from this alone and the clinical and biochemical features must be taken into account.
Elimination of aspirin is increased by urinary alkalinisation, which is achieved by the administration of 1.26% sodium bicarbonate. The urine pH should be monitored. Metabolic acidosis should be corrected with intravenous 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (first check serum potassium). Forced diuresis should not be used since it does not enhance salicylate excretion and may cause pulmonary oedema.
Haemodialysis is the treatment of choice for severe poisoning and should be considered in patients with plasma salicylate concentrations >700 mg/L (5.1 mmol/L), or lower concentrations associated with severe clinical or metabolic features.
Patients under 10 years or over 70 years of age may be at an increased risk of salicylate toxicity and may require dialysis at an earlier stage.
Caffeine:
Treatment of caffeine overdose is primarily symptomatic and supportive. Diuresis should be treated by maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and CNS symptoms can be controlled by intravenous administration of diazepam.
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1. Pharmacodynamic properties Aspirin
Mechanisms of action/effect
Salicylates inhibit the activity of the enzyme cyco-oxygenase to decrease the formation of precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. Although many of the therapeutic effects may result from inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis (and consequent reduction of prostaglandin activity) in various tissues, other actions may also contribute significantly to the therapeutic effects.
Analgesic
Produces analgesia through a peripheral action by blocking pain impulse generation and via a central action, possibly in the hypothalamus.
Anti-inflammatory (Non-steroidal)
Exact mechanisms have not been determined. Salicylates may act peripherally in inflamed tissue probably by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and possibly by inhibiting the synthesis and/or actions of other mediators of the inflammatory response.
Antipyretic
May produce antipyresis by acting centrally on the hypothalamic heatregulating centre to produce peripheral vasolidation resulting in increased cutaneous blood flow, sweating and heat loss.
PARACETAMOL
Mechanism of action/effect
Analgesic - the mechanism of analgesic action has not been fully determined. Paracetamol may act predominantly by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the central nervous system (CNS) and, to a lesser extent, through a peripheral action by blocking pain-impulse generation.
The peripheral action may also be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis or to inhibition of the synthesis or actions of other substances that sensitise pain receptors to mechanical or chemical stimulation.
Antipyretic - paracetamol probably produces antipyresis by acting centrally on the hypothalamic heat-regulation centre to produce peripheral vasodilation resulting in increased blood flow through the skin, sweating, and heat loss.
The central action probably involved inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the hypothalmus.
CAFFEINE
Mechanisms of action/effect
Central nervous system stimulant - caffeine stimulates all levels of the CNS, although its cortical effects are milder and of shorter duration than those of amphetamines.
Analgesia adjunct
Caffeine constricts cerebral vasculature with an accompanying decrease in the cerebral blood flow and in the oxygen tension of the brain. It is believed that caffeine helps to relieve headache by providing more rapid onset of action and/or enhanced pain relief with lower doses of analgesic. Recent studies with ergotamine indicate that the enhancement of effect by the addition of caffeine may also be due to improved gastrointestinal absorption of ergotamine when administered with caffeine.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties Aspirin
Absorption and fate
Absorption is generally rapid and complete following oral administration. It is largely hydrolysed in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and blood to salicylate, which is further metabolised primarily in the liver.
Paracetamol
Absorption and fate
Paracetamol is readily absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract with peak plasma concentrations occurring about 30 minutes to 2 hours after ingestion. It is metabolised in the liver and excreted in the urine mainly as the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Less than 5% is excreted as unchanged paracetamol. The elimination half-life varies from about 1 to 4 hours. Plasma-protein binding is negligible at usual therapeutic concentrations but increases with increasing concentrations.
A minor hydroxylated metabolite, which is usually produced in very small amounts by mixed-function oxidases in the liver, and which is usually detoxified by conjugation with liver glutathione may accumulate following paracetamol overdosage and cause liver damage.
Caffeine
Absorption and fate
Caffeine is completely and rapidly absorbed after oral administration with peak concentrations occurring between 5 and 90 minutes after dose in fasted subjects. There is no evidence of presystemic metabolism. Elimination is almost entirely by hepatic metabolism in adults.
In adults, marked individual variability in the rate of elimination occurs. The mean plasma elimination half-life is 4.9 hours with a range of 1.9 - 12.2 hours. Caffeine distributes into all body fluids. The mean plasma protein binding of caffeine is 35%.
Caffeine is metabolised almost completely via oxidation, demethylation, and acetylation, and is excreted in the urine as 1-methyluric acid, 1-methylxanthine, 7- methylxanthine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine (paraxanthine). Minor metabolites include 1- methylacrylic acid and 5-acethylamine-6-formyl amine-3-methyluracil (AFMU).
5.3 Preclinical safety data
The active ingredients in Anadin Extra have a well established safety record. This combination of ingredients has been marketed for a number of years.
6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1. List of excipients
Maize Starch
Microcrystalline Cellulose Hydrogenated vegetable oil Hypromellose Hypromellose 15 Carbowax 3350 Pregelatinised Starch Polyvinylpyrollidone
6.2 Incompatibilities
None known.
6.3 Shelf life
3 years:
Blister strip: 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32 tablets.
2 years:
Paper/Polyethylene strip / laminated strip: 4, 8 HDPE tablet container: 10, 24, 32 Aluminium containers: 16, 32
6.4. Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C.
6.5
Nature and contents of container
Pack A
Cartons containing blister strips. Pack sizes: 8, 12, 16, 24, 32 tablets.
Pack B
The tablets are packed into tablet containers.
Pack sizes: 10, 16, 24 and 32 tablets.
6.6. Instructions for Use, Handling and Disposal
Not applicable.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Ltd
Ramsgate Road
Sandwich
Kent
CT13 9NJ United Kingdom
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL00165/5013R
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
09/07/2009
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
06/01/2016