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SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1    NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Anadin Ultra Double Strength 400mg Capsules Anadin LiquiFast 400mg Capsules

2    QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE    COMPOSITION

Each capsule contains 400mg Ibuprofen For excipients, see 6.1

3    PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Soft capsule

A 14 oval capsule with a dye free, translucent gelatin shell, printed with ‘400’ in black ink, and containing a clear liquid fill

4    CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1    Therapeutic indications

For relief of rheumatic or muscular pain, pain of non-serious arthritic conditions, backache, neuralgia, migraine, headache, dental pain, dysmenorrhoea, feverishness, symptoms of colds and influenza.

4.2    Posology and method of administration

For oral administration and short-term use only. Undesirable effects may be minimised by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms (see section 4.4).

Adults, the elderly, and children and adolescents over 12 years of age:

If in children and adolescents, between the age of 12 and 18 years, this medicinal product is required for more than 3 days, or if symptoms worsen, a doctor should be consulted.

For adults aged 18 years or older the minimum effective dose should be used for the shortest time necessary to relieve symptoms. If the product is required for more than 10 days or if the symptoms worsen, or persist, the patient should consult a pharmacist or a doctor.

1 capsule up to 3 times a day, as required.

The capsules should be taken with water.

Leave at least 4 hours between doses and do not take more than 1200 mg (3 capsules) in any 24 hour period.

Not to be used for children under 12 years of age.

4.3 Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ibuprofen or any of the constituents in the product. Ibuprofen is contra-indicated in patients who have previously shown hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. asthma, rhinitis, angiodema or urticaria) in response to aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Active or previous peptic ulcer (two or more episodes of proven ulceration or bleeding).

History of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation, related to previous NSAID therapy.

Patients with severe hepatic failure, renal failure or severe heart failure (NYHA Class IV) (see section 4.4).

Use in last trimester of pregnancy (see section 4.6).

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

Caution is required in patients with certain conditions:

-    systemic lupus erythematosus as well as those with mixed connective tissue disease due to increased risk of aseptic meningitis (see section 4.8).

-    gastrointestinal disorders and chronic inflammatory intestinal disease as these conditions may be exacerbated (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) (see section 4.8).

-    caution is required prior to starting treatment in patients with a history of hypertension and/or heart failure. Oedema, hypertension and/or cardiac impairment as renal function may deteriorate and/or fluid retention occur (see section 4.5).

-    renal impairment as renal function may deteriorate (see section 4.3 and 4.8).

-    hepatic dysfunction (see section 4.3 and 4.8).

Undesirable effects may be minimised by using the minimum effective dose for the shortest possible duration (see GI and cardiovascular risks below).

The elderly are at increased risk of the serious consequences of adverse reactions.

Bronchospasm may be precipitated in patients suffering from or with a previous history of bronchial asthma or allergic disease.

Use with concomitant NSAIDs including cyclo-oxygenase-2 specific inhibitors (See section 4.5).

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at high doses (2400mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke). Overall, epidemiological studies do not suggest that low dose ibuprofen (e.g. < 1200 mg daily) is associated with an increased risk of arterial thrombotic events.

Patients with uncontrolled hypertension, congestive heart failure (NYHA II-III), established ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or cerebrovascular disease should only be treated with ibuprofen after careful consideration and high doses (2400 mg/day) should be avoided.

Careful consideration should also be exercised before initiating long-term treatment of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular events (e.g. hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking), particularly if high doses of ibuprofen (2400 mg/day) are required.

There is some evidence that drugs which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase/prostaglandin synthesis may cause impairment of female fertility by an effect on ovulation. This is reversible on withdrawal of treatment.

GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation, which can be fatal, has been reported with all NSAIDs at anytime during treatment, with or without warning symptoms or a previous history of serious GI events (including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease).

The risk of GI bleeding, ulceration or perforation is higher with increasing NSAID doses, in patients with a history of ulcer, particularly if complicated with haemorrhage or perforation (see section 4.3), and in the elderly. These patients should commence treatment on the lowest dose available.

Patients with a history of GI toxicity, particularly the elderly, should report any unusual abdominal symptoms (especially GI bleeding) particularly in the initial stages of treatment.

Caution should be advised in patients receiving concomitant medications, which could increase the risk of gastrotoxicity or bleeding, such as corticosteroids, or anticoagulants such as warfarin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or anti-platelet agents such as aspirin (see section 4.5).

Where GI bleeding or ulceration occurs in patients receiving ibuprofen, the treatment should be withdrawn immediately.

Dermatological:

Serious skin reactions, some of them fatal, including exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, have been reported very rarely in association with the use of NSAIDSs (see section 4.8). Patients appear to be at highest risk for these reactions early in the course of therapy: the onset of the reaction occurring in the majority of cases within the first month of treatment. Ibuprofen should be discontinued at the first appearance of skin rash, mucosal lesions, or any other sign of hypersensitivity.

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not take this medicine.

There is a risk of renal impairment in dehydrated children and adolescents, between the ages of 12-18 year olds.

The label will include:

12-18 years: if symptoms worsen, or persist for more than 3 days, or you get new symptoms consult your doctor.

Adults: if symptoms worsen, or persist for more than 10 days, or you get new symptoms consult your pharmacist or doctor.

Read the enclosed leaflet before taking this product.

Do not take if you:

•    have ever had a stomach ulcer, perforation or bleeding

•    are allergic to ibuprofen (or anything else in this medicine), aspirin or other related painkillers

•    are taking other NSAID painkillers, or aspirin with a daily dose above 75mg

•    are in the last 3 months of pregnancy.

Speak to a pharmacist or your doctor before taking if you:

•    have asthma, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, had a stroke, heart, liver, kidney or bowel problems

•    are a smoker

are pregnant

4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Ibuprofen should not be used in combination with:

Acetylsalicylic acid

Concomitant administration of ibuprofen and aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid) is not generally recommended (unless low dose aspirin (not above 75mg daily) has been advised by a doctor), as this combination may increase the risk of adverse reactions (see section 4.4).

Experimental data suggest that ibuprofen may competitively inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. Although there are uncertainties regarding extrapolation of these data to the clinical situation, the possibility that regular, long-term use of ibuprofen may reduce the cardioprotective effect of low dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) cannot be excluded. No clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional ibuprofen use (see section 5.1).

Other NSAIDs including cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, as these may increase the risk of adverse effects (see section 4.4).

Ibuprofen should be used with caution in combination with:

Corticosteroids: may increase the risk of adverse reactions, especially of the gastrointestinal tract (see section 4.4).

Antihypertensives and diuretics: NSAIDs may diminish the effects of these drugs. Diuretics can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity of NSAIDs.

Anticoagulants: NSAIDS may enhance the effects of anticoagulants, such as warfarin (see section 4.4).

Anti-platelet agents and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (see section 4.4)

Cardiac glycosides: NSAIDs may exacerbate cardiac failure, reduce GFR and increase plasma glycoside levels.

Lithium: There is evidence for potential increase in plasma levels of lithium.

Methotrexate: There is the potential for increased plasma levels of methotrexate.

Ciclosporin: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity.

Mifepristone: NSAIDs should not be used for 8-12 days after mifepristone administration as NSAIDs can reduce the effect of mifepristone.

Tacrolimus: Possible increased risk of nephrotoxicity when NSAIDs are given with tacrolimus.

Zidovudine: There is evidence of an increased risk of haemarthroses and haematoma in HIV positive haemophiliacs receiving concurrent treatment with zidovudine and ibuprofen.

Quinolone antibiotics: Animal data indicate that NSAIDs can increase the risk of convulsions associated with quinolone antibiotics. Patients taking NSAIDs and quinolones may have an increased risk of developing convulsions.

4.6 Pregnancy and lactation Pregnancy

While no teratogenic effect has been demonstrated in animal experiments, use of Ibuprofen should be avoided during the first 6 months of pregnancy.

During the 3 trimester, ibuprofen is contraindicated, as there is a risk of premature closure of the foetal ductus arteriosus with possible persistent pulmonary hypertension. The onset of labour may be delayed and duration of labour increased, with increased bleeding tendency in both mother and child (see section 4.3).

Lactation

Ibuprofen appears in breast milk in very low concentrations, and is unlikely to affect the breast fed infant adversely.

See section 4.4 regarding female fertility

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

None

4.8 Undesirable effects

Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported and these may consist of:

a)    Non-specific allergic reactions and anaphylaxis,

b)    Respiratory tract reactivity comprising asthma, aggravated asthma, bronchospasm or dyspnoea,

	Very rare:	Aseptic meningitis
Eye disorders	Very rare:	Visual disturbance
Ear and labyrinth	Very rare:	Tinnitus and vertigo
disorders
Cardiac disorders	Very rare:	Cardiac failure, angina pectoris
Vascular	Very rare:	Hypertension
disorders
Respiratory,	Very rare:	Asthma, broncospasm,
thoracic and		dyspnoea and wheezing
mediastinal disorders
Gastrointestinal	Uncommon:	Abdominal pain, abdominal
disorders		distension dyspepsia and nausea.
	Rare:	Diarrhoea, flatulence, constipation and vomiting
	Very rare:	Peptic ulcer, perforation or gastrointestinal haemorrhage, melaena, haematemesis, sometimes fatal, particularly in the elderly (see section 4.4). Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (see section 4.4). Mouth ulceration.
Hepatobiliary	Very rare:	Liver disorders, especially in
disorders		long-term treatment, hepatitis and jaundice
Skin and	Uncommon:	Various skin rashes
subcutaneous tissue disorders
	Very rare:	Severe forms of skin reactions such as bullous reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, erythema multiforme and epidermal necrolysis can occur.
Renal and	Very rare:	Acute renal failure, papillary
urinary disorders		necrosis, especially in long-term use, associated with increased serum urea and oedema. Haematuria, interstitial

nephritis, nephritic syndrome, proteinuria.

Very rare:    Decreased hematocrit and

hemoglobin levels

Clinical studies suggest that use of ibuprofen, particularly at a high dose 2400mg/day) may be associated with a small increased risk of arterial thrombotic events (for example myocardial infarction or stroke) (see section 4.4).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.

4.9 Overdose

In children ingestion of more than 400mg/kg may cause symptoms. In adults the dose response effect is less clear cut. The half-life in overdose is 1.5-3 hours.

Symptoms

Most patients who have ingested clinically important amounts of NSAIDs will develop no more than nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, or more rarely diarrhoea. Tinnitus, headache and gastrointestinal bleeding are also possible. In more serious poisoning, toxicity is seen in the central nervous system, manifesting as vertigo, headache, respiratory depression, dyspnoea, drowsiness, occasionally excitation and disorientation or coma. Occasionally patients develop convulsions. In serious poisoning, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, and metabolic acidosis may occur and the prothrombin time / INR may be prolonged, probably due to interference with the actions of circulating clotting factors. Acute renal failure and liver damage may occur. Exacerbation of asthma is possible in asthmatics.

Management

Management should be symptomatic and supportive and include maintenance of a clear airway and monitoring of cardiac and vital signs until stable. Consider oral administration of activated charcoal if the patient presents within 1 hour of ingestion of a potentially toxic amount. If frequent or prolonged, convulsions should be treated with intravenous diazepam or lorazepam. Give bronchodilators for asthma.

5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Propionic acid derivatives ATC code: M01AE

Ibuprofen is a phenylpropionic acid derivative NSAID that has demonstrated its efficacy by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. In humans, ibuprofen reduces inflammatory pain, swellings and fever. Furthermore, ibuprofen reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation.

Single-dose clinical studies demonstrate that the pain relieving effects of ibuprofen liquigels are evident within around 30 minutes of dosing. The effects of a 400mg dose of ibuprofen liquigels are statistically superior to 1000mg paracetamol tablets both in the speed of onset and extent of analgesia. The differences in onset (see table below) are between 0.6 and 14 min. Ibuprofen 400mg pain relieving effects can last for up to 8 hours.

Clinical Parameters	Ibuprofen Liquigels	Ibuprofen Liquigels	Acetaminoph en	Placebo
	200mg	400mg	1g (2 x 500mg)
Packman et al
Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sum of Pain Relief & Pain Intensity Difference (SPID)	N/A	15.2	12.2	5.8
Time to Meaningful Relief (mins)	N/A	39	53	>180
Hersch et al
Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR)	14.72	16.56	11.99	5.25
Sum of Pain Relief &	6.93	8.07	5.05	0.46

Pain Intensity Difference (SPID)

Time to Meaningful Relief (mins)	30.0	28.8	29.4	>360
Olson et al
Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR)	N/A	17.42	13.30	4.33
Sum of Pain Relief & Pain Intensity Difference (SPID)	N/A	11.77	8.36	2.60
Time to Meaningful Relief (mins)	N/A	24.2	29.9	>360
Kellstein et al
Total Pain Relief (TOTPAR)	36	30	N/A	52
Pain Intensity Difference (PID) after 2 hours	0.98	0.97	N/A	0.87
Time to Meaningful	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Relief (mins)

Experimental data suggest that ibuprofen may competitively inhibit the effect of low dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on platelet aggregation when they are dosed concomitantly. Some pharmacodynamics studies show that when single doses of ibuprofen 400mg were taken within 8 h before or within 30 min after immediate release aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) dosing (81 mg), a decreased effect of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) on the formation of thromboxane or platelet aggregation occurred. Although there are uncertainties regarding extrapolation of these data to the clinical situation, the possibility that regular, long-term use of ibuprofen may reduce the cardioprotective effect of low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) cannot be excluded. No clinically relevant effect is considered to be likely for occasional ibuprofen use (see section 4.5).

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

Ibuprofen is rapidly absorbed following administration and is rapidly distributed throughout the whole body. The excretion is rapid and complete via the kidneys. Compared to standard tablet formulations, ibuprofen administered in liquid-filled capsules reaches maximum plasma concentrations significantly faster. Peak plasma concentrations were achieved in around 35 minutes for liquigels compared to around 90 minutes for standard ibuprofen tablets.

The half life of ibuprofen is about 2 hours. In limited studies, ibuprofen appears in breast milk in very low concentrations.

5.3 Preclinical safety data

No relevant information additional to that already contained elsewhere in the SPC.

6    PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1    List of excipients

Capsule Contents:

Macrogol 600 Potassium hydroxide

Capsule shell:

Sorbitol liquid, partially dehydrated (containing sorbitan and mannitol)

Gelatin Purified water

Processing Aids:

Lecithin

Triglycerides (medium chain)

Glyceryl stearate Oleic acid Ascorbyl palmitate

Printing Ink:

Opacode black ink [iron oxide black (E172), propylene glycol, polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), macrogol 400]

6.2    Incompatibilities

None known

6.3    Shelf life

3 years

6.4    Special precautions for storage

Do not store above 25°C

6.5    Nature and contents of container

Anadin Ultra Double Strength 400 mg Capsules/Anadin LiquiFast 400mg Capsules are packed into blister strips in a cardboard box.

Pack A: Blister: White opaque thermoformed unplasticised PVC (250 qm) / Polyethylene extrusion coating (30 qm) / PVdC (90 gsm) heat sealed to the foil.

Pack B: Blister: White opaque thermoformed unplasticised PVC (250 pm) / PVdC coating (60 gsm) heat sealed to the foil.

Foil: Glassine (35 gsm) / Lamination adhesive / Aluminium foil (9 pm) / Heat seal lacquer (7 gsm).

6.6 Special precautions for disposal

No special instructions

7    MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Ltd

Ramsgate Road

Sandwich

Kent

CT13 9NJ United Kingdom

8    MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

PL 00165/0148

9    DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE

AUTHORISATION

11/05/2006 / 03/06/2011

10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

29/10/2015