Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Nasobec Aqueous 50 microgram Nasal Spray Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each 100 milligram spray contains 50 micrograms beclometasone dipropionate.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Nasal Spray, Suspension
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis. Beclometasone Dipropionate has anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid properties.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray is for administration by the intranasal route only.
Adults and children over six years old: Two sprays twice daily into each nostril (400 micrograms beclometasone dipropionate per day) is the recommended initial dosage. It may be preferable for some patients to administer a single spray into each nostril three or four times daily.
Once control of symptoms has been achieved move the dosage down to one spray twice daily into each nostril (200 micrograms beclometasone dipropionate per day). A dosage regimen of one spray into each nostril morning and evening has been shown to be efficacious in some patients. If symptoms reoccur, patients should revert to the recommended dosage of two sprays into each nostril morning and evening.
The minimum dose should be used at which effective control of symptoms is maintained. Total daily administration should not normally exceed eight sprays.
For full therapeutic benefit regular usage is essential. The co-operation of the patient should be sought to comply with the regular dosage schedule and it should be explained that maximum relief may not be obtained within the first few applications. It should be made clear to patients that full therapeutic benefit will only be achieved after a few days treatment.
Elderly: Dosage as for adults.
Children less than six years old: Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray is not indicated for children under six years old, due to insufficient clinical data.
4.3 Contraindications
Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to any of its ingredients.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Systemic effects of nasal corticosteroids may occur, particularly at high doses prescribed for prolonged periods. These effects are much less likely to occur than with oral corticosteroids and may vary in individual patients and between different corticosteroid preparations. Potential systemic effects may include Cushing’s syndrome, Cushingoid features, adrenal suppression, growth retardation in children and adolescents, cataract, glaucoma and more rarely, a range of psychological or behavioural effects including psychomotor hyperactivity, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression or aggression (particularly in children).
Growth retardation has been reported in children receiving nasal corticosteroids at licensed doses. It is recommended that the height of children receiving prolonged treatment with nasal corticosteroids is regularly monitored. If growth is slowed, therapy should be reviewed with the aim of reducing the dose of nasal corticosteroids, if possible, to the lowest dose at which effective control of symptoms is maintained. In addition, consideration should also be given to referring the patient to a paediatric specialist.
Treatment with higher than recommended doses may result in clinically significant adrenal suppression. If there is evidence for higher than recommended doses being used then additional systemic corticosteroids cover should be considered during periods of stress or elective surgery.
Care must be taken while transferring patients from systemic steroid treatment to Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray where disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis could be expected.
Infections of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses should be appropriately treated but do not constitute a specific contra-indication to treatment with Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray.
Although Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray will control seasonal allergic rhinitis in most cases, an abnormally heavy challenge of summer allergens may in certain instances necessitate appropriate additional therapy particularly to control eye symptoms.
Medical advice should be sought before using Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray in the case of recent injury or surgery to the nose, or problems with ulceration in the nose.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Not applicable
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
There is inadequate evidence of safety in human pregnancy. Early studies in animals have demonstrated an increase in foetal cleft palate and inter-uterine growth retardation following maternal ingestion of corticosteroids. There may therefore be a very small risk of such effects in the human foetus. It should be noted however, that the foetal changes in animals occur after relatively high systemic exposure. Direct intranasal application at the recommended doses ensures minimal systemic exposure.
The use of beclometasone dipropionate should be avoided during pregnancy unless thought essential by the doctor.
Use during lactation
No specific studies examining the transference of beclometasone dipropionate into the milk of lactating animals have been performed. It is probable that beclometasone dipropionate is excreted in milk. However, given the relative low doses used by the nasal route, the levels are likely to be low.
In mothers breast feeding their baby the therapeutic benefits of the drug should be weighed against the potential hazards to mother and baby. Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray should not be used during lactation without consulting a doctor.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray does not affect the ability to operate and drive machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Adverse events are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common (>1/10), common (>1/100 and <1/10), uncommon (>
1/1000 and <1/100), rare (>1/10,000 and <1/1000), very rare (<1/10,000) including isolated reports and not known (cannot be estimated from the available data). Very common, common and uncommon events were generally determined from clinical trial data. Rare and very rare events were generally determined from spontaneous data. In assigning adverse event frequencies, the background rates in placebo groups were not taken into account, since these rates were generally comparable to those in the active treatment group.
|
System Organ Class |
Adverse Event |
Frequency |
|
Immune System Disorders |
Hypersensitivity reactions including: | |
|
Rashes, urticaria, pruritis, erythema. |
common | |
|
Oedema of the eyes, face, lips and throat |
Very rare | |
|
Dyspnoea and/or bronchospasm |
Very rare |
|
Anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions |
Very rare | |
|
Nervous system disorders |
Unpleasant taste, unpleasant smell. |
Common |
|
Eye disorders |
Glaucoma, raised intraocular pressure, cataract. |
Very rare |
|
Respiratory, Thoracic & Mediastinal disorders |
Epistaxis, nasal dryness, nasal irritation, throat dryness, throat irritation |
Common |
|
Nasal septum perforation. |
Very Rare |
Systemic effects of nasal corticosteroids may occur, particularly when prescribed at high doses for prolonged periods.
Blood stained crusts in the nose can occur when taking nasal sprays but these conditions are not progressive and are seldom troublesome.
Widespread use of beclometasone dipropionate for a decade has shown no serious local damage to mucous membranes.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthacare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
Suppression of the HPA function is the only harmful effect that would arise from taking large amounts of beclometasone dipropionate over a short period of time. No emergency procedure need be undertaken and treatment with Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray should continue at the recommended dose. The HPA function reverts back to normal within a day or two.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Beclometasone dipropionate is the diester of beclometasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid which demonstrates anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties. This drug is stated to exert a topical effect on the lungs without significant systemic activity at recommended doses, although the mechanisms of action are as yet unknown.
Following topical administration, beclometasone 17,21-dipropionate (BDP) produces potent anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor effects.
BDP is a pro-drug with weak corticosteroid receptor binding affinity. It is hydrolysed via esterase enzymes to the highly active metabolite
beclometasone -17-monopropionate (B-17-MP), which has high topical anti-inflammatory activity.
Beclometasone dipropionate offers a preventative background treatment for hayfever when taken prior to allergen challenge. After which, with regular use, BDP can continue to prevent allergy symptoms from reappearing.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties Absorption
Following intranasal administration of BDP in healthy males, the systemic absorption was assessed by measuring the plasma concentrations of its active metabolite B-17-MP, for which the absolute bioavailability following intranasal administration is 44% (95% CI 28%, 70%). After intranasal administration, <1% of the dose is absorbed by the nasal mucosa. The remainder, after being cleared from the nose, either by drainage or mucocilary clearance, is available for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma B-17-MP is almost entirely due to conversion of BDP absorbed from the swallowed dose.
Following oral administration of BDP the systemic absorption was also assessed by measuring the plasma concentrations of its active metabolite B-17-MP, for which the absolute bioavailability following oral administration is 41% (95% CI 27%, 62%).
Following an oral dose, B-17-MP is absorbed slowly with peak plasma levels reached 3-5 hours after dosing.
Metabolism
BDP is cleared very rapidly from the circulation and plasma concentrations are undetectable (<50pg/ml) following oral or intranasal dosing. There is rapid metabolism of the majority of the swallowed portion of BDP during its first passage through the liver. The main product of metabolism is the active metabolite (B-17-MP). Minor inactive metabolites, beclometasone -21-monopropionate (B-21-MP) and beclometasone (BOH), are also formed but these contribute little to systemic exposure.
Distribution
The tissue distribution at steady-state for BDP is moderate (20L) but more extensive for B-17-MP (424L). Plasma protein binding of BDP is moderately high (87%).
Elimination
The elimination of BDP and B-17-MP are characterised by high plasma clearance (150 and 120L/h) with corresponding terminal elimination half-lives of 0.5h and 2.7h. Following oral administration of tritiated BDP, approximately 60% of the dose was excreted in the faeces within 96 hours mainly as free and conjugated polar metabolites. Approximately 12% of the dose was excreted as free and conjugated polar metabolites in the urine.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
No clinically relevant findings were observed in preclinical studies. See sections 4.3 to 4.9 above.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Benzalkonium Chloride Solution Phenylethyl alcohol Polysorbate 80 Glucose Anhydrous
Microcrystalline cellulose and carmellose sodium Hydrochloride Acid (if necessary - to adjust pH)
Purified Water
6.2 Incompatibilities
None known
6.3 Shelf life
Three years unopened
Use within three months of first opening
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Store below 30°C
Protect from light. Keep bottle in the outer carton.
Do not refrigerate
Discard three months after first using the spray
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Beclometasone Dipropionate Aqueous Nasal Spray is supplied in high density polyethylene bottles of 30ml capacity containing a nominal 200 doses. Each bottle is fitted with a metering pump with a built in nasal adaptor designed to deliver a nominal 100 milligrams of suspension per spray.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
None stated
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Teva UK Limited Brampton Road Hampden Park Eastbourne East Sussex BN22 9AG UK
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 00289/1626
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
15/08/1996
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
17/04/2015