Bumetanide 5mg Tablets
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Bumetanide 5mg Tablets
2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains 5 mg of bumetanide For excipients, see 6.1.
3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Tablet.
White, round, flat uncoated tablet. Engraving: 7B2: plain with breakline.
4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1. Therapeutic Indications
Bumetanide is indicated when diuretic therapy is required in the treatment of oedema, such as that associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver and renal disease including nephrotic syndrome. Bumetanide 5 mg tablets may be used in oedema of cardiac or renal origin where high doses of a potent short acting diuretic are required.
4.2. Posology and Method of Administration
For oral administration.
Adults: The dose should be carefully titrated according to patient
response and the required therapeutic activity. As a general rule, in patients not controlled on lower doses, dosage should be started on 5mg, and increased by 5mg increments every 1224 hours until a satisfactory response is obtained or side effects appear. As a single dose tablets should normally be taken in the morning or in the early evening. At higher doses consideration should be given to a twice daily dosage rather than once daily.
Direct substitution of bumetanide for frusemide in a 1:40 ratio at high doses should be avoided. Treatment should be initiated at a lower equivalent dose and gradually increased in 5mg increments.
Children: Not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age.
The Elderly: Dosage should be adjusted according to response. A dose of 0.5 mg per day may be sufficient in some elderly patients.
4.3. Contra-indications
Bumetanide can be used to induce diuresis in renal insufficiency. Therapy should be stopped if there is significant increase in blood urea levels or the onset of oliguria or anuria is observed during the treatment of severe renal disease.
Bumetanide is contra-indicated in hepatic coma, in cases of severe electrolyte imbalance and in patients hypersensitive to the drug.
In common with other diuretics bumetanide can reduce lithium clearance resulting in high serum levels of lithium, therefore, it should not be administered concurrently with lithium salts.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Very rapid mobilisation of oedema, particularly in the elderly, may cause sudden changes in cardiovascular pressure-flow relationships with circulatory collapse and should be borne in mind when bumetanide is given in high doses.
Electrolyte disturbances may occur particularly in those patients taking a low-salt diet. Periodic checks of serum electrolyte levels, in particular sodium, potassium, chlorides and bicarbonates should be undertaken and where necessary replacement therapy instituted.
As with other diuretics, bumetanide may cause an increase in blood uric acid. Regular checks on urine and blood glucose should be made in diabetics and patients suspected of latent diabetes.
Patients with chronic renal failure on high doses of bumetanide should remain under constant hospital supervision.
Encephalopathy may be precipitated in patients with pre-existing hepatic impairment.
Lactose warning: Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption should not take this medicine.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Like other diuretics, bumetanide shows a tendency to increase potassium excretion which can lead to an increase in the sensitivity of the myocardium to the toxic effects of digitalis. Therefore, the dose of bumetanide may need adjustment when given in conjunction with cardiac glycosides.
Bumetanide may potentiate the effects of antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, patients taking these drugs should be monitored and dosage adjustment should occur where necessary.
Certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to antagonise the action of diuretics.
Bumetanide should be used with caution in patients already receiving nephrotoxic or ototoxic drugs.
4.6. Pregnancy and Lactation
Avoid the use of bumetanide in the first trimester of pregnancy.
It is unknown whether bumetanide can be excreted into breast milk, therefore, its use during lactation is not recommended. If the drug is absolutely necessary for the mother, nursing mothers should either stop breast feeding or observe the infant for any adverse effects.
4.7. Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines
None known.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Reported reactions include abdominal pain, vomiting, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, stomach and muscle cramps, arthralgia, fatigue, hypotension, headache, dizziness, nausea, encephalopathy in patients with pre-existing hepatic disease, fluid and electrolyte depletion, dehydration, hyperuricaemia, raised blood urea and serum creatinine, hyperglycaemia, abnormalities of serum levels of hepatic enzymes, skin rashes, pruritus, urticaria, thrombocytopenia, gynaecomastia and painful breasts.
Bone marrow depression associated with the use of bumetanide has been reported rarely but it has not been definitely proven to be attributed to the drug.
Hearing disturbance after administration of bumetanide is rare and reversible.
High dose therapy - In patients with severe chronic renal failure given high doses of bumetanide, there have been reports of severe generalised, muscoskeletal pain sometimes associated with muscle spasm, occurring 1 to 2 hours after administration and lasting up to 12 hours. The lowest reported dose causing this type of adverse reaction was 5 mg by intravenous injection and the highest was 75 mg orally in a single dose. All patients recovered fully and there was no deterioration in their renal function. The cause of this pain is uncertain but it may be as a result of varying electrolyte gradients at the cell membrane level. Experience suggests that the incidence of such reactions is decreased by initiating treatment at 5 - 10 mg daily and titrating upwards using a twice daily dosage regimen at doses of 20 mg per day or more.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions:
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professional are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9. Overdose
stomach should be should be taken to correct electrolyte
Symptoms are those caused by excessive diuresis. The emptied by gastric lavage or emesis. General measures restore blood volume, maintain blood pressure and disturbance.
5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1. Pharmacodynamic Properties
ATC Code: C03C A02 (sulfonamides, plain)
Bumetanide is a potent high ceiling loop diuretic with a rapid onset and short duration of action. The primary site of action is the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It exerts inhibitory effects on electrolyte reabsorption causing the diuretic and natriuretic action observed.
After oral administration of 1 mg bumetanide, diuresis begins within 30 minutes with a peak effect between one and two hours. The diuretic effect is virtually complete in three hours after a 1 mg dose.
5.2. Pharmacokinetic Properties
Bumetanide is well absorbed after oral administration with bioavailability reaching between 80 and 95%. The elimination half-life ranges from between 0.75 to 2.6 hours. No active metabolites are known. Renal excretion accounts for approximately half the clearance with hepatic excretion responsible for the other half. There is an increase in half-life and a reduced plasma clearance in the presence of renal or hepatic disease. In patients with chronic renal failure, the liver takes more importance as an excretory pathway although the duration of action is not markedly prolonged.
5.3. Pre-clinical Safety Data
Preclinical information has not been included because the safety profile of bumetanide has been established after many years of clinical use. Please refer to Section 4.
6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1. List of Excipients
Lactose monohydrate Microcrystalline cellulose (E460)
Maize starch Povidone (E1201)
Sodium starch glycollate (Type A) (E576) Magnesium stearate (E572)
6.2. Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3. Shelf life
2 years.
6.4. Special Precautions for Storage
Do not store above 25°C. Store in the original container.
6.5.
Nature and Contents of Container
HDPE containers with LDPE lids in packs of 14, 20, 21, 28, 30, 50, 56, 60, 84, 100, 112, 120, 168, 250, 500, 1000 & 5000.
PVdC coated PVC film with hard temper aluminium foil blister strips in packs of 7, 10, 14, 20, 21, 28, 30, 50, 56, 60, 84, 90, 100, 110, 112, 120, 150, 160 & 168.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6. Instructions for Use/Handling
Not applicable.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
TEVA UK Limited,
Brampton Road Hampden Park Eastbourne East Sussex
8. MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER
PL 00289/0323
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
12/08/2003
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
18/06/2015