SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Cetirizine Hydrochloride 5 mg/5 ml Solution

2    QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Onel ml of solution contains 1 mg Cetirizine dihydrochloride Excipients

Cetirizine hydrochloride 5mg/5ml solution contains 2500mg sorbitol (70%) per 5 ml

Cetirizine    hydrochloride    5mg/5ml    solution    contains    10mg    methyl

parahydroxybenzoate per 5 ml

Cetirizine    hydrochloride    5mg/5ml    solution    contains 1mg    propyl

parahydroxybenzoate per 5 ml

For full list of excipients, see section 6.

3    PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Oral solution.

A clear, colourless, pineapple and sweet orange flavoured solution with a sweet taste.

4    CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1    Therapeutic indications

In adults and children 2 year and above:

-    Cetirizine is indicated for the relief of nasal and ocular symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.

-    Cetirizine is indicated for the relief of symptoms of chronic idiopathic urticaria.

4.2    Posology and method of administration

Posology

Children aged from 2 to 6 years: 2.5mg twice daily (2.5ml oral solution twice daily (a half spoon twice daily)).

Children aged from 6 to 12 years: 5mg twice daily (5ml oral solution bid (a full spoon twice daily).

Adults and adolescents over 12 years of age: 10mg once daily (10ml oral solution (2 full spoons)).

Elderly subjects: data do not suggest that the dose needs to be reduced in elderly subjects provided that the renal function is normal.

Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment:

There are no data to document the efficacy/safety ratio in patients with renal impairment. Since cetirizine is mainly eliminated via renal route (see section 5.2), in cases no alternative treatment can be used, the dosing intervals must be individualized according to renal function. Refer to the following table and adjust the dose as indicated. To use this dosing table, an estimate of the patient’s creatinine clearance (CLcr) in ml/min is needed. The CLcr (ml/min) may be estimated from serum creatinine (mg/dl) determination using the following formula:

Dosing adjustments for adult patients with impaired renal function

Group	Creatinine clearance (ml/min)	Dosage and frequency
Normal	>80	10mg once daily
Mild	50 - 79	10mg once daily
Moderate	30 - 49	5mg once daily
Severe	30	5mg once every 2 days
End-stage renal disease -Patients undergoing dialysis	10	Contra-indicated

In paediatric patients suffering from renal impairment, the dose will have to be adjusted on an individual basis taking into account the renal clearance of the patient, his age and his body weight.

Patients with hepatic impairment:

No dose adjustment is needed in patients with solely hepatic impairment. In patients with hepatic impairment and renal impairment, adjustment of the dose is recommended (see Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment above).

Method of administration:

The solution can be swallowed as such.

4.3 Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the active substance, to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1, to hydroxyzine or to any piperazine derivatives.

Patients with severe renal impairment at less than 10ml/min creatinine clearance.

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not take cetirizine 1mg/ml oral solution.

4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use

At therapeutic doses, no clinically significant interactions have been demonstrated with alcohol (for a blood alcohol level of 0.5 g/L). Nevertheless, precaution is recommended if alcohol is taken concomitantly.

Caution should be taken in patients with predisposition factors of urinary retention (e.g. spinal cord lesion, prostatic hyperplasia) as cetirizine may increase the risk of urinary retention.

Caution in epileptic patients and patients at risk of convulsions is recommended.

The use of the product is not recommended in children aged less than 2 years.

Methyl parahydroxybenzoate and propyl parahydroxybenzoate may cause allergic reactions (possibly delayed).

Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance should not take this medicine.

Allergy skin tests are inhibited by antihistamines and a wash-out period (of 3 days) is required before performing them.

4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

Due to the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and tolerance profile of cetirizine, no interactions are expected with this antihistamine. Actually, neither pharmacodynamic nor significant pharmacokinetic interaction was reported in drug-drug interactions studies performed, notably with pseudoephedrine or theophylline (400mg/day).

The extent of absorption of cetirizine is not reduced with food, although the rate of absorption is decreased.

4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

Pregnancy

For cetirizine very rare clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonal/foetal development, parturition or postnatal development. Caution should be exercised when prescribing to pregnant women.

Breastfeeding

Cetirizine is excreted in human milk at concentrations representing 25% to 90% of those measured in plasma, depending on sampling time after administration. Therefore, caution should be exercised when prescribing cetirizine to lactating women.

Fertility

Limited data is available on human fertility but no safety concern has been identified.

Animal data show no safety concern for human reproduction.

4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines

Objective measurements of driving ability, sleep latency and assembly line performance have not demonstrated any clinically relevant effects at the recommended dose of 10mg.

Patients intending to drive, engaging in potentially hazardous activities or operating machinery should not exceed the recommended dose and should take their response to the medicinal product into account. In these sensitive patients, concurrent use with alcohol or other CNS depressants may cause additional reductions in alertness and impairment of performance.

4.8 Undesirable effects Clinical studies

Overview:

Clinical studies have shown that cetirizine at the recommended dosage has minor undesirable effects on the CNS, including somnolence, fatigue, dizziness and headache. In some cases, paradoxical CNS stimulation has been reported.

Although cetirizine is a selective antagonist of peripheral H1-receptors and is relatively free of anticholinergic activity, isolated cases of micturition difficulty, eye accommodation disorders and dry mouth have been reported.

Instances of abnormal hepatic function with elevated hepatic enzymes accompanied by elevated bilirubin have been reported. Mostly this resolves upon discontinuation of the treatment with cetirizine dihydrochloride.

Listing of ADRs Double blind controlled clinical or pharmacoclinical trials comparing cetirizine to placebo or other antihistamines at the recommended dosage (10mg daily for cetirizine), of which quantified safety data are available, included more than 3200 subjects exposed to cetirizine.

From this pooling, the following adverse events were reported for cetirizine 10mg in the placebo-controlled trials at rates of 1.0% or greater:

Adverse event	Cetirizine 10mg	Placebo
(WHO-ART)	(n= 3260)	(n = 3061)
General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue	1.63%	0.95%
Nervous system disorders Dizziness	1.10%	0.98%
Headache	7.42%	8.07%
Gastro-intestinal disorders Abdominal pain	0.98%	1.08%
Dry mouth	2.09%	0.82%
Nausea	1.07%	1.14%
Psychiatric disorders Somnolence	9.63%	5.00%
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders

Although statistically more common than under placebo, somnolence was mild to moderate in the majority of cases. Objective tests as demonstrated by other studies have demonstrated that usual daily activities are unaffected at the recommended daily dose in healthy young volunteers.

Paediatric population

Adverse drug reactions at rates of 1% or greater in children aged from 6 months to 12 years, included in placebo-controlled clinical or pharmacoclinical trials are:

Adverse drug reactions (WHO-ART)	Cetirizine (n= 1656)	Placebo (n= 1294)
Gastro-intestinal disorders Diarrhoea	1.0%	0.6%
Psychiatric disorders Somnolence	1.8%	1.4%
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Rhinitis	1.4%	1.1%
General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue	1.0%	0.3%

Post-marketing experience

In addition to the adverse reactions reported during clinical studies and listed above, the following undesirable effects have been reported in post-marketing experience.

Undesirable effects are described according to MedDRA System Organ Class and by estimated frequency based on post-marketing experience.

Frequencies are defined as follows: Very common (>1/10); common (>1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

Blood and lymphatic disorders: Very rare: thrombocytopenia

Immune system disorders:

Rare: hypersensitivity Very rare: anaphylactic shock

Metabolism and nutrition disorders:

Not known: increased appetite

Psychiatric disorders:

Uncommon: agitation

Rare: aggression, confusion, depression, hallucination, insomnia Very rare: tic

Not known: suicidal ideation

Nervous system disorders:

Uncommon: paraesthesia Rare: convulsions

Very rare: dysgeusia, syncope, tremor, dystonia, dyskinesia

Not known: amnesia, memory impairment Eye disorders:

Very rare: accommodation disorder, blurred vision, oculogyration

Ear and labyrinth disorders:

Not known: vertigo

Cardiac disorders:

Rare: tachycardia

Gastro-intestinal disorders:

Uncommon: diarrhoea

Hepatobiliary disorders:

Rare: hepatic function abnormal (increased transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, y-GT and bilirubin)

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:

Uncommon: pruritus, rash Rare: urticaria

Very rare: angioneurotic oedema, fixed drug eruption

Renal and urinary disorders:

Very rare: dysuria, enuresis Not known: urinary retention

General disorders and administration site conditions:

Uncommon: asthenia, malaise Rare: oedema

Investigations:

Rare: weight increased

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme, Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.

By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

4.9 Overdose

a)    Symptoms

Symptoms observed after an overdose of cetirizine are mainly associated with CNS effects or with effects that could suggest an anticholinergic effect.

Adverse events reported after an intake of at least 5 times the recommended daily dose are: confusion, diarrhoea, dizziness, fatigue, headache, malaise, mydriasis, pruritus, restlessness, sedation, somnolence, stupor, tachycardia, tremor and urinary retention.

b)    Management

There is no known specific antidote to cetirizine.

Should overdose occur, symptomatic or supportive treatment is recommended. Gastric lavage should be considered shortly after ingestion of the drug. Cetirizine is not effectively removed by haemodialysis.

5    PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5.1    Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Antihistamine for systemic use, piperazine derivatives, ATC code: R06A E07 Mechanism of action

Cetirizine, a human metabolite of hydroxyzine, is a potent and selective antagonist of peripheral H1-receptors. In vitro receptor binding studies have shown no measurable affinity for other than H1-receptors.

Pharmacodynamic effects

In addition to its anti-H1 effect, cetirizine was shown to display anti-allergic activities: at a dose of 10mg once or twice daily, it inhibits the late phase recruitment of eosinophils, in the skin and conjunctiva of atopic subjects submitted to allergen challenge.

Clinical efficacy and safety

Studies in healthy volunteers show that cetirizine, at doses of 5 and 10mg strongly inhibits the wheal and flare reactions induced by very high concentrations of histamine into the skin, but the correlation with efficacy is not established.

In a six-week, placebo-controlled study of 186 patients with allergic rhinitis and concomitant mild to moderate asthma, cetirizine 10mg once daily improved rhinitis symptoms and did not alter pulmonary function. This study supports the safety of administering cetirizine to allergic patients with mild to moderate asthma.

In a placebo-controlled study, cetirizine given at the high daily dose of 60mg for seven days did not cause statistically significant prolongation of QT interval.

At the recommended dosage, cetirizine has demonstrated that it improves the quality of life of patients with perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Paediatric population

In a 35-day study in children aged 5 to 12, no tolerance to the antihistaminic effect (suppression of wheal and flare) of cetirizine was found. When a treatment with cetirizine is stopped after repeated administration, the skin recovers its normal reactivity to histamine within 3 days.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

Absorption

The steady-state peak plasma concentrations is approximately 300ng/ml and is achieved within 1.0 ± 0.5 h.

The distribution of pharmacokinetic parameters such as peak plasma concentration (C_max) and area under curve (AUC) is unimodal.

The extent of absorption of cetirizine is not reduced with food, although the rate of absorption is decreased. The extent of bioavailability is similar when cetirizine is given as solutions, capsules or tablets.

Distribution

The apparent volume of distribution is 0.50 l/kg. Plasma protein binding of cetirizine is 93 ± 0.3%.

Cetirizine does not modify the protein binding of warfarin.

Biotransformation

Cetirizine does not undergo extensive first pass metabolism.

Elimination

The terminal half-life is approximately 10 hours and no accumulation is observed for cetirizine following daily doses of 10mg for 10 days. About two third of the dose are excreted unchanged in urine.

Linearity/Non-linearity

Cetirizine exhibits linear kinetics over the range of 5 to 60mg.

Renal impairment:

The pharmacokinetics of the drug was similar in patients with mild impairment (creatinine clearance higher than 40ml/min) and healthy volunteers.

Patients with moderate renal impairment had a 3-fold increase in half-life and 70% decrease in clearance compared to healthy volunteers.

Patients on haemodialysis (creatinine clearance less than 7ml/min) given a single oral 10mg dose of cetirizine had a 3-fold increase in half-life and a 70% decrease in clearance compared to normal. Cetirizine was poorly cleared by haemodialysis.

Dosing adjustment is necessary in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (see section 4.2).

Hepatic impairment:

Patients with chronic liver diseases (hepatocellular, cholestatic, and biliary cirrhosis) given 10 or 20mg of cetirizine as a single dose had a 50% increase in half-life along with a 40% decrease in clearance compared to healthy subjects.

Dosing adjustment is only necessary in patients with hepatic impairment if concomitant renal impairment is present.

Older population:

Following a single 10mg oral dose, half-life increased by about 50% and clearance decreased by 40% in 16 elderly subjects compared to the normal subjects. The decrease in Cetirizine clearance in these elderly volunteers appeared to be related to their decreased renal function.

Paediatric population:

The half-life of cetirizine was about 6 hours in children of 6-12 years and 5 hours in children 2-6 years. In infants and toddlers aged 6 to 24 months, it is reduced to 3.1 hours.

5.3 Preclinical safety data

Non-clinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, toxicity to reproduction.

6    PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1    List of excipients

Methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218)

Propyl parahydroxybenzoate (E216)

Sorbitol

Glycerol

Sodium citrate

Propylene glycol

Monoammonium glycerrhizinate

Pineapple flavour

Sweet orange flavour

Citric Acid

6.2    Incompatibilities

None

6.3    Shelf life

3 years.

Once opened, the contents of the bottle should be used within 2 months.

6.4    Special precautions for storage

No special storage conditions required.

6.5    Nature and contents of container

Type III soda lime silica amber glass bottles with tamper-evident and child-resistant polypropylene closure.

Pack size: 200ml, 100ml and 75ml

6.6    Special precautions for disposal

No special requirements

7    MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

Chanelle Medical Loughrea

Co. Galway Ireland

8    MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

PL 13931/0100

9    DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION

23/07/2007

10    DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

05/06/2015