Cimetidine 400 Mg Film-Coated Tablets
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Tagamet 400mg Tablets Cimetidine 400mg Film-coated tablet
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains Cimetidine 400mg.
For excipients, see 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Film-coated tablet.
Pale green, oblong, film-coated tablet embossed with Tagamet on one side and 400 on the reverse.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Tagamet is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist which rapidly inhibits both basal and stimulated gastric secretion of acid and reduces pepsin output.
Tagamet is indicated in the treatment of duodenal and benign gastric ulceration including that associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, recurrent and stomal ulceration, oesophageal reflux disease and other conditions where reduction of gastric acid by Tagamet has been shown to be beneficial: persistent dyspeptic symptoms with or without ulceration, particularly meal-related upper abdominal pain, including such symptoms associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents; the prophylaxis of gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in critically ill patients; before general anaesthesia in patients thought to be at risk of acid aspiration (Mendelson’s) syndrome, particularly obstetric patients during labour; to reduce malabsorption and fluid loss in the short bowel syndrome; and in pancreatic insufficiency to reduce degradation of enzyme supplements. Tagamet is also recommended in the management of Zollinger-Ellision syndrome.
4.2
Posology and method of administration
The total daily dose should not normally exceed 2.4g. Dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired renal function (see section 4.4).
Adults: The usual dosage is 400mg twice a day with breakfast and at bedtime. Alternatively for patients with duodenal or benign gastric ulceration, a single daily dose of 800mg at bedtime can be used. Other effective regimens are 200mg three times a day with meals and 400mg at bedtime (1.0g/day) and, if inadequate, 400mg four times a day (1.6g/day) also with meals and at bedtime.
Treatment should be given initially for at least four weeks (six weeks in benign gastric ulcer, eight weeks in ulcer associated with continued nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents) even if symptomatic relief has been achieved sooner. Most ulcers will have healed by that stage, but those which have not will usually do so after a further course of treatment.
Treatment may be continued for longer periods in those patients who may benefit from reduction of gastric secretion and the dosage may be reduced in those who have responded to treatment, for example to 400mg at bedtime or 400mg in the morning and at bedtime.
In patients with benign peptic ulcer disease who have responded to the initial course, relapse may be prevented by continued treatment, usually with 400mg at bedtime; 400mg in the morning and at bedtime has also been used.
In oesophageal reflux disease, 400mg four times a day, with meals and at bedtime, for four to eight weeks is recommended to heal oesophagitis and relieve associated symptoms.
In patients with very high gastric acid secretion (e.g. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) it may be necessary to increase the dose to 400mg four times a day, or in occasional cases further.
Antacids can be made available to all patients until symptoms disappear.
In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients, doses of 200-400mg can be given every four to six hours.
In patients thought to be at risk of acid aspiration syndrome an oral dose of 400mg can be given 90-120 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia or, in obstetric practice, at the start of labour. While such a risk persists, a dose of up to 400mg may be repeated at four hourly intervals as required up to the usual daily maximum of 2.4g. The usual precautions to avoid acid aspiration should be taken.
In the short bowel syndrome, e.g. following substantial resection for Crohn's disease, the usual dosage range (see above) can be used according to individual response.
To reduce degradation of pancreatic enzyme supplements, 800-1600mg a day may be given according to response in four divided doses, one to one and a half hours before meals.
Elderly: The normal adult dosage may be used unless renal function is markedly impaired. (See section 4.4).
Children: Experience in children is less than that in adults. In children more than one year old, Tagamet 25-30mg/kg body weight per day in divided doses may be administered.
The use of Tagamet in infants under one year old is not yet fully evaluated; 20mg/kg body weight per day in divided doses has been used.
Administration: Oral; the tablets should be swallowed with a drink of water.
4.3 Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to Cimetidine.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired renal function according to creatinine clearance. The following dosages are suggested: creatinine clearance of 0-15ml per minute, 200mg twice a day; 15 to 30ml per minute, 200mg three times a day; 30 to 50ml per minute, 200mg four times a day; over 50ml per minute, normal dosage. Cimetidine is removed by haemodialysis, but not to any significant extent by peritoneal dialysis.
Clinical trials of over six years’ continuous treatment and more than 15 years’ widespread use have not revealed unexpected adverse reactions related to long-term therapy
The safety of prolonged use is not fully established and care should be taken to observe periodically patients given prolonged treatment.
Care should be taken that patients with a history of peptic ulcer, particularly the elderly, being treated with cimetidine and a non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent are observed regularly.
Before initiating therapy with this preparation for any gastric ulceration, malignancy should be excluded by endoscopy and biopsy, if possible, because Tagamet tablets can relieve the symptoms and help the superficial healing of the gastric cancer. The consequences of potential delay in diagnosis should be borne in mind especially in middle aged patients or over, with new or recently changed dyspeptic symptoms.
Due to possible interaction with coumarins, close monitoring of prothrombin time is recommended when cimetidine is concurrently used.
Co-administration of therapeutic agents with a narrow therapeutic index, such as phenytoin or theophylline, may require dosage adjustment when starting or stopping concomitantly administered cimetidine (see Section 4.5).
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Cimetidine can prolong the elimination of drugs metabolised by oxidation in the liver.
Although pharmacological interactions between cimetidine and a number of drugs have been demonstrated e.g. diazepam and propranolol, only those with oral anticoagulants, phenytoin, theophylline and intravenous lidocaine appear, to date, to be of clinical significance. Close monitoring of patients on cimetidine receiving oral anticoagulants or phenytoin is recommended and a reduction in the dosage of these drugs may be necessary.
In patients on drug treatment or with illnesses that could cause falls in blood cell count, the possibility that H2-receptor antagonism could potentiate this effect should be borne in mind.
Cimetidine has the potential to affect the absorption, metabolism or renal excretion of other drugs which is particularly important when drugs with a narrow therapeutic index are administered concurrently. The altered pharmacokinetics may necessitate dosage adjustment of the affected drug or discontinuation of treatment (see Section 4.4).
Interactions may occur by several mechanisms including:
1) Inhibition of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes (including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A3/A4, and CYP2C18); Inhibition of these enzymes may result in increased plasma levels of certain drugs including warfarin-type coumarin anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin), tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline), class I antiarrhythmics (e.g. lidocaine), calcium channel blockers (e.g. nifedipine, diltiazem), oral sulfonylureas (e.g. glipizide), phenytoin, theophylline and metoprolol.
2) Competition for renal tubular secretion; this may result in increased plasma levels of certain drugs including procainamide, metformin, ciclosporin and tacrolimus.
3) Alteration of gastric pH; the bioavailability of certain drugs may be affected. This can result in either an increase in absorption (e.g. atazanavir) or a decrease in absorption (e.g. some azole antifungals such as ketoconazole, itraconazole or posaconazole).
4) Unknown mechanisms; Cimetidine may potentiate the myelosuppressive effects (e.g. neutropenia, agranulocytosis) of chemotherapeutic agents such as carmustine, fluorouracil, epirubicin, or therapies such as radiation. Isolated cases of clinically relevant interactions have been documented with narcotic analgesics (e.g. morphine).
4.6 Pregnancy and lactation
Although tests in animals and clinical evidence have not revealed any hazards from the administration of Tagamet during pregnancy or lactation, both animal and human studies have shown that it does cross the placental barrier and is excreted in milk. The use of this preparation during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided unless considered essential by the physician.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
None known
4.8 Undesirable effects
Adverse experiences with cimetidine are listed below by system organ class and frequency. Frequencies are defined as: very common (>1/10), common (>1/100, <1/10), uncommon (>1/1000, <1/100), rare (>1/10000, <1/1000), very rare (<1/10000).
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Uncommon: Leukopenia
Rare: Thrombocytopenia, aplastic anaemia
Very rare: Pancytopenia, agranulocytosis
Immune system disorders
Very rare: Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is usually cleared on withdrawal of the drug. Psychiatric disorders
Uncommon: Depression, confusional states, hallucinations. Confusional states, reversible within a few days of withdrawing cimetidine, have been reported, usually in elderly or ill patients.
Nervous system disorders
Common: Headache, dizziness
Cardiac disorders
Uncommon: Tachycardia Rare: Sinus bradycardia Very rare: Heart block
Gastrointestinal disorders
Common: Diarrhoea
Very rare: Pancreatitis. Pancreatitis cleared on withdrawal of the drug.
Hepatobiliary disorders
Uncommon: Hepatitis
Rare: Increased serum transaminase levels. Hepatitis and increased serum transaminase levels cleared on withdrawal of the drug.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Common: Skin rashes
Very rare: Reversible alopecia and hypersensitivity vasculitis. Hypersensitivity vasculitis usually cleared on withdrawal of the drug.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Common: Myalgia Very rare: Arthralgia
Renal and urinary disorders
Uncommon: Increases in plasma creatinine
Rare: Interstitial nephritis. Interstitial nephritis cleared on withdrawal of the drug. Small increases in plasma creatinine have been reported, unassociated with changes in glomerular filtration rate. The increases do not progress with continued therapy and disappear at the end of therapy.
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Uncommon: Gynaecomastia and reversible impotence. Gynaecomastia is usually reversible upon discontinuation of cimetidine therapy. Reversible impotence has been reported particularly in patients receiving high doses (e.g. in Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome). However, at regular dosage, the incidence is similar to that in the general population.
Very rare: Galactorrhoea
General disorders and administration site conditions
Common: Tiredness
Very rare: Fever. Fever cleared on withdrawal of the drug.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
Acute overdosage of up to 20g has been reported several times with no significant ill-effects. Induction of vomiting and/or gastric lavage may be employed together with symptomatic and supportive therapy.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Cimetidine, one of the H2 blockers is a reversible, competitive antagonist of the actions of histamine on H2 receptors. It is highly selective in its action and is virtually without effect on H1 receptors or, indeed on receptors for other autacoids or drugs. The most prominent of the effects of histamine that are mediated by H2 receptors is stimulation of gastric acid secretion and they interfere remarkably little with physiological functions other than gastric secretion.
Cimetidine inhibits gastric acid secretion elicited by histamine or other H2 agonists in a dose-dependent, competitive manner; the degree of inhibition parallels the plasma concentration of the drug over a wide range. In addition, the H2 blockers inhibit gastric secretion elicited by muscarinic agonists or by gastrin, although this effect is not always complete.
This breadth of inhibitory effect is not due to non-specific actions at the receptors for these other secretagogues. Rather, this effect, which is noncompetitive and indirect, appears to indicate either that these two classes of secretagogues utilise histamine as the final common mediator or, more probably, that ongoing histaminergic stimulation of the parietal cell is important for amplification of the stimuli provided by ACh or gastrin when they act on their own discrete receptors. Receptors for all three secretagogues are present on the parietal cell. The ability of H2 blockers to suppress responses to all three physiological secretagogues makes them potent inhibitors of all phases of gastric acid secretion. Thus these drugs will inhibit basal (fasting) secretion and nocturnal secretion and also that stimulated by food, sham feeding, fundic distension, insulin, or caffeine. The H2 blockers reduce both the volume of gastric juice secreted and its hydrogen ion concentration. Output of pepsin, which is secreted by the chief cells of the gastric glands (mainly under cholinergic control), generally falls in parallel with the reduction in volume of the gastric juice. Secretion of intrinsic factor is also reduced, but it is normally secreted in great excess, and absorption of vitamin B12 is usually adequate even during long-term therapy with H2 blockers.
Concentrations of gastrin in plasma are not significantly altered under fasting conditions; however, the normal prandial elevation of gastrin concentration may be augmented, apparently as a consequence of a reduction in the negative feedback that is normally provided by acid.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Cimetidine is rapidly and virtually completely absorbed. Absorption is little impaired by food or by antacids. Peak concentrations in plasma are attained in about 1 to 2 hours. Hepatic first-pass metabolism results in bioavailabilities of about 60% for cimetidine. The elimination half-life is about 2 to 3 hours. Cimetidine is eliminated primarily by the kidneys, and 60% or more may appear in the urine unchanged; much of the rest is oxidation products. Small amounts are recovered in the stool.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Not available
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Microcrystalline cellulose Povidone 30 Sodium starch glycollate Sodium lauryl sulphate Colloidal anhydrous silica Magnesium stearate Hypromellose (E464)
Titanium dioxide (E171)
Macrogol 400
Indigo carmine aluminium lake (E132)
Iron oxide yellow (E172)
Quinoline yellow aluminium lake (E104)
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable
6.3
Shelf life
3 years
6.4 Special precautions for storage
1. Blister: Do not store above 25°C. Store in the original package. Keep blister in the outer carton.
2. Tablet container (polypropylene tube): Do not store above 25°C. Keep the container tightly closed. Store in the original container.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
1. Blister packs consisting of 250pm clear PVC and 20pm hard temper aluminium foil contained in a carton.
Pack sizes: 60 tablets.
2. Polypropylene tubes with low density polyethylene caps. High density polyethylene film may be used as packing material.
Pack sizes: 56, 100, 250, 500 & 1000 tablets.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
Not applicable
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Chemidex Pharma Limited,
Trading as Essential Generics,
7 Egham Business Village,
Crabtree Road,
Egham,
Surrey TW20 8RB United Kingdom
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER
PL 17736/0021
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
23/12/2002 / 20/02/2009
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
03/08/2015