Cisplatin 1mg/Ml Sterile Concentrate
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Cisplatin 1mg/ml Sterile Concentrate
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
1ml of concentrate for solution for infusion contains 1 mg of cisplatin.
1 vial of 10ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 10mg of cisplatin.
1 vial of 50ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 50mg of cisplatin.
1 vial of 100ml concentrate for solution for infusion contains 100mg of cisplatin.
For excipients, see 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Concentrate for solution for infusion.
Vials containing a clear, colourless to pale yellow solution.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
Cisplatin is intended for the treatment of:
- Advanced or metastasised testicular cancer
- Advanced or metastasised ovarian cancer
- Advanced or metastasised bladder carcinoma
- Advanced or metastasised squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
- Advanced or metastasised non-small cell lung carcinoma
- Advanced or metastasised small cell lung carcinoma
Cisplatin is indicated in the treatment of cervical carcinoma in combination with other chemotherapeutics or with radiotherapy.
Cisplatin can be used as monotherapy and in combination therapy.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Cisplatin 1mg/ml Sterile Concentrate is to be diluted before administration. For instructions for dilution of the product before administrate, see section 6.6. The diluted solution should be administered only intravenously by infusion (see below). For administration, any device containing aluminium that may come in contact with cisplatin (sets for intravenous infusion, needles, catheters, syringes) must be avoided.
ADULTS AND CHILDREN
The cisplatin dosage depends on the primary disease, the expected reaction, and on whether cisplatin is used for monotherapy or as a component of combination chemotherapy. The dosage directions are applicable for both adults and children.
For monotherapy, the following two dosage regimens are recommended:
Single dose of 50 to 120mg/m2 body surface every 3 to 4 weeks;
15 to 20mg/m /day for five days, every 3 to 4 weeks
If cisplatin is used in combination therapy, the dose of cisplatin must be reduced. A typical dose is 20mg/m2 or more than once every 3 to 4 weeks.
For treatment of cervical cancer cisplatin is used in combination with radiotherapy. A typical dose is 40mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks.
For warning and precautions to be considered prior to the start of the next treatment cycle (see section 4.4).
In patients with renal dysfunction or bone marrow depression, the dose should be reduced adequately (see section 4.3).
The cisplatin solution for infusion prepared according to instructions (see section 6.6) should be administered by intravenous infusion over a period of 6 to 8 hours.
Adequate hydration must be maintained from 2 to 12 hours prior to administration until minimum 6 hours after the administration of cisplatin. Hydration is necessary to cause sufficient diuresis during and after treatment with cisplatin. It is realised by intravenous infusion of one of the following solutions:
Sodium chloride solution: 0.9%
Hydration prior to treatment with cisplatin:
Intravenous infusion of 100 to 200ml/Hour for a period of 6 to 12 hours, with a total amount of at least 1L.
Hydration after termination of the administration of cisplatin:
Intravenous infusion of another 2 litres at a rate of 100 to 200ml per hour for a period of 6 to 12 hours.
Forced diuresis may be required should the urine secretion be less than 100 to 200ml/hour after hydration. Forced diuresis may be realised by intravenously administering 37.5g mannitol as a 10% solution (375ml mannitol solution 10%), or by administration of a diuretic if the kidney functions are normal.
The administration of mannitol or a diuretic is also required when the administrated cisplatin dose is higher than 60mg/m of body surface.
It is necessary that the patient drinks large quantities of liquids for 24 hours after the cisplatin infusion to ensure adequate urine secretion.
4.3 Contraindications
Cisplatin may give allergic reactions in some patients. Use is contraindicated in those patients with a history of allergic reaction to cisplatin or other platinum containing compounds, or any component of the formulation. Cisplatin induces nephrotoxicity which is cumulative. It is therefore contraindicated in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
Cisplatin has also been shown to be cumulatively neurotoxic (in particular ototoxic) and should not be given to patients with pre-existing hearing impairment. Cisplatin is also contraindicated in myelosuppressed patients and those who are dehydrated.
Patients receiving cisplatin should not breastfeed.
Concurrent administration of yellow fever vaccine is contraindicated.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
This agent should only be administered under the direction of oncologists in specialist units under conditions permitting adequate monitoring and surveillance. Supportive equipment should be available to control anaphylactic reactions.
Cisplatin reacts with metallic aluminium to form a black precipitate of platinum. All aluminium containing IV sets, needles, catheters and syringes should be avoided.
The solution for infusion should not be mixed with other drugs or additives.
Appropriate monitoring and management of the treatment and its complications are only possible if adequate diagnosis and exact treatment conditions are available.
1. Nephrotoxicity
Cisplatin produces severe cumulative nephrotoxicity which may be potentiated by aminoglycoside antibiotics. The serum creatinine, plasma urea or creatinine clearance and magnesium, sodium potassium, and calcium levels should be measured prior to initiating therapy, and prior to each subsequent course. Cisplatin should not be given more frequently than once every 3-4 weeks.
A urine output of 100ml/hour or greater will tend to minimise cisplatin nephrotoxicity. This can be accomplished by pre-hydration with 2 litres of an appropriate intravenous solution, and similar post cisplatin hydration (recommended 2,500ml/m /24 hours). If vigorous hydration is insufficient to maintain adequate urinary output, an osmotic diuretic may be administered (e.g., mannitol).
2. Neuropathies
Severe cases of neuropathies have been reported.
These neuropathies may be irreversible and may manifest by paraesthesia, areflexia and a proprioceptive loss and a loss of vibration perception. A loss of motor function has also been reported. A neurological examination must be carried out at regular intervals.
Neurotoxicity appears to be cumulative. Prior to each course, the absence of symptoms of peripheral neuropathy should be established.
3. Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity has been observed in up to 31% of patients treated with a single dose of cisplatin 50mg/m2, and is manifested by tinnitus and/or hearing loss in the high frequency range (4000 to 8000 Hz). Decreased ability to hear conversational tones may occur occasionally. Ototoxic effect may be more pronounced in children receiving cisplatin. Hearing loss can be unilateral or bilateral and tends to become more frequent and severe with repeated doses; however, deafness after initial dose of cisplatin has been reported rarely. Ototoxicity may be enhanced with prior simultaneous cranial irradiation and may be related to peak plasma concentration of cisplatin. It is unclear whether cisplatin induced ototoxicity is reversible. Careful monitoring by audiometry should be performed prior to initiation of therapy and prior to subsequent doses of cisplatin. Vestibular toxicity has also been reported. (See Undesirable Effects).
4. Allergic phenomena
Anaphylactic-like reactions to cisplatin have been reported. These reactions have occurred within minutes of administration to patients with prior exposure to cisplatin and have been alleviated by administration of adrenaline, steroids and antihistamines.
As with other platinum-based products, hypersensitivity reactions appearing in most cases during perfusion may occur, and necessitate discontinuation of the perfusion and an appropriate symptomatic treatment. Cross reactions, sometimes fatal, have been reported with all the platinum compounds (See Side Effects and Contraindications).
5. Hepatic function and haematological formula
The haematological formula and hepatic function must be monitored at regular intervals.
6. Carcinogenic potential
In humans, in rare cases the appearance of acute leukaemia has coincided with the use of cisplatin, which was in general associated with other leukaemogenic agent.
Cisplatin is a bacterial mutagen and causes chromosome aberrations in cultures on animal cells. Carcinogenicity is possible but has not been demonstrated. Cisplatin is teratogenic and embryo toxic in mice.
7. Injection site reactions
Injection site reactions may occur during the administration of cisplatin. Given the possibility of extravasation, it is recommended to closely monitor the infusion site for possible infiltration during drug administration. A specific treatment for extravasation reactions is unknown at this time.
WARNING
This cytostatic agent had a more marked toxicity than is usually found in antineoplastic chemotherapy.
Renal toxicity, which is above all cumulative, is severe and requires particular precautions during administration (see Side Effects and Administration).
Nausea and vomiting may be intense and require adequate antiemetic treatment.
Close supervision must also be carried out with regard to ototoxicity, myelodepression and anaphylactic reactions (see Side Effects).
Preparation of the intravenous solution
Warning
As with all other potentially toxic products, precautions are essential when handling the cisplatin solution. Skin lesions are possible in the event of accidental exposure to the product. It is advisable to wear gloves. In the event the cisplatin solution comes into contact with the skin or mucous membranes, wash the skin or mucous membranes vigorously with soap and water.
Conforming to the procedures appropriate for the manipulation and elimination of cytostatic agents is recommended.
Before administering the solution to the patient, verify the clarity of the solution and the absence of particles
The vial stopper contains dry natural rubber (a derivative of latex), which may cause allergic reactions.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Nephrotoxic substances:
Concomitant administration of nephrotoxic (e.g. cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, amphotericin B or contrast media) or ototoxic (e.g. aminoglycosides) medicinal products will potentiate the toxic effect of cisplatin on the kidneys. During or after treatment with cisplatin caution is advised with predominantly renal eliminated substances, e.g. cytostatic agents such as bleomycin and methotrexate, because of potentially reduced renal elimination.
The renal toxicity of ifosfamide may be greater when used with cisplatin or in patients who have previously been given cisplatin.
Reduction of the blood’s lithium values was noticed in a few cases after treatment with cisplatin combined with bleomycin and etoposide. It is therefore recommended to monitor the lithium values.
Ototoxic substances:
Concomitant administration of ototoxic (e.g. aminoglycosides, loop diuretics) medicinal products will potentiate the toxic effect of cisplatin on auditory function. Except for patients receiving doses of cisplatin exceeding 60mg/m , whose urine secretion is less than 1000ml per 24 hours, no forced diuresis with loop diuretics should be applied in view of possible damage to the kidney tract and ototoxicity.
Ifosfamide may increase hearing loss due to cisplatin.
Weakened live vaccines:
Yellow fever vaccine is strictly contraindicated because of the risk of fatal systemic vaccinal disease (see section 4.3). In view of the risk of generalised illness, it is advisable to use an inactive vaccine if available.
Oral anticoagulants:
In the event of simultaneous use of oral anticoagulants, it is advisable to regularly check the INR.
Antihistamines, Phenothiazines and others:
Simultaneous use of antihistamines, buclizine, cyclizine, loxapine, meclozone, phenothiazines, thioxanthenes or trimethobenzamines may mask ototoxicity symptoms (such as dizziness and tinnitus).
Anticonvulsive substances:
Serum concentrations of anticonvulsive medicines may remain at subtherapeutic levels during treatment with cisplatin.
Pyroxidine + altretamine combination:
During a randomised study of the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer, the response time was unfavourably affected when pyridoxine was used in combination with altretamine (hexamethylmelamine) and cisplatin.
Paclitaxel:
Treatment with cisplatin prior to an infusion with paclitaxel may reduce the clearance of paclitaxel by 33% and therefore can intensify neurotoxicity.
Anti-epileptics:
In patients receiving cisplatin and phenytoin, the serum level of phenytoin might be reduced. This is probably due to reduced absorption and/or increased metabolism. In these patients, one should monitor the levels of phenytoin in plasma, and adjust the dose accordingly.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Cisplatin may be toxic to the foetus when administered to a pregnant woman. Cisplatin should not be used during pregnancy unless the clinician considers the risk in an individual patient to be clinically justified.
During treatment with cisplatin and for a minimum of the following 6 months, appropriate measures must be taken to avoid pregnancy; this applies to patients of both sexes.
Genetic consultation is recommended if the patient wishes to have children after ending treatment.
Since a treatment with cisplatin may cause irreversible infertility, it is recommended that men, who wish to become fathers in the future, ask for advice regarding cryoconservation of their sperm prior to treatment.
Breastfeeding
Cisplatin is excreted in breast milk. Patients treated with cisplatin must not breastfeed.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
No studies on the effects on ability to drive and use machines have been performed. Nevertheless, the profile of undesirable effects (like nephrotoxicity) may influence the ability to drive vehicles and use machinery.
4.8 Undesirable effects
The most frequently reported adverse events (>10%) of cisplatin were haematological (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anaemia), gastrointestinal (anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), ear disorders (hearing impairment), renal disorders (renal failure, nephrotoxicity, hyperuricaemia) and fever.
Serious toxic effects on the kidneys, bone marrow and ears have been reported in up to about one third of patients given a single dose of cisplatin; the effects are generally dose-related and cumulative. Ototoxicity may be more severe in children
Frequencies are defined using the following convention: very common (>1/10); common (>1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (>1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (>1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Table of Adverse Drug Events Reported During Clinical or Postmarketing Experience (MedDRA terms)
|
System Organ Class |
Frequency |
MedDRA term |
|
Infections and infestations |
Not known |
Infection3 |
|
Common |
Sepsis | |
|
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
Very common |
Bone marrow failure, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anaemia |
|
Not known |
Coombs positive haemolytic anaemia | |
|
Neoplasm benign, malignant, and unspecified |
Rare |
Acute leukaemia |
|
Immune system disorders |
Uncommon |
Anaphylactoidb reaction |
|
Endocrine disorders |
Not known |
Blood amylase increased, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion |
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
Not known |
Dehydration, hypokalaemia, hypophosphataemia, hyperuricaemia, hypocalcaemia, tetany |
|
Uncommon |
Hypomagne saemia | |
|
Very common |
Hyponatraemia | |
|
Nervous system disorders |
Not known |
Cerebrovascular accident, haemorrhagic stroke, ischaemic stroke ageusia, cerebral arteritis, Lhermitte’s sign, myelopathy, autonomic neuropathy |
|
Rare |
Convulsion, neuropathy peripheral, leukoencephalopathy, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome | |
|
Eye disorders |
Not known |
Vision blurred, colour blindness acquired, blindness cortical, optic neuritis, papilloedema, retinal pigmentation |
|
Ear and labyrinth disorders |
Uncommon |
Ototoxicity |
|
Not known |
Tinnitus, deafness | |
|
Cardiac disorders |
Not known |
Cardiac disorder |
|
Common |
Arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia | |
|
Rare |
Myocardial infarction |
|
Very rare |
Cardiac arrest | |
|
Vascular disorders |
Not known |
Thrombotic microangiopathy (haemolytic uraemic syndrome), Raynaud’s phenomenon |
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
Not known |
Vomiting, nausea, anorexia, hiccups, diarrhoea |
|
Rare |
Stomatitis | |
|
Hepatobiliary disorders |
Not known |
Hepatic enzymes increased, blood bilirubin increased |
|
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
Not known |
Pulmonary embolism |
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
Not known |
Rash, alopecia |
|
Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders |
Not known |
Muscle spasms |
|
Renal and urinary disorders |
Not known |
Renal failure acute, renal failure0 , renal tubular disorder |
|
Reproductive system and breast disorders |
Uncommon |
Abnormal spermatogenesis |
|
General disorders and administration site condition |
Not known |
Pyrexia (very common), asthenia, malaise, injection site extravasationd |
a: Infectious complications have led to death in some patients.
b: Symptoms reported for anaphylactoid reaction such as facial oedema (PT-face oedema), wheezing, bronchospasm, tachycardia, and hypotension will be included in the parentheses for anaphylactoid reaction in the AE frequency table.
c: Elevations in BUN and creatinine, serum uric acid, and/or decrease in creatinine clearance are subsumed under renal insufficiency/failure.
d: Local soft tissue toxicity including cellulitis, fibrosis, and necrosis (common) pain (common), oedema (common) and erythema (common) as the result of extravasation.
4.9 Overdose
CAUTION IS ESSENTIAL IN ORDER TO PREVENT AN INADVERTANT OVERDOSE.
An acute overdose of cisplatin may result in renal failure, liver failure, deafness, ocular toxicity (including detachment of the retina), significant myelosuppression, untreatable nausea and vomiting and/or neuritis. An overdose may be fatal.
There is no specific antidote in the event of an overdosage of cisplatin. Even if haemodialysis is initiated 4 hours after the overdose it has little effect on the elimination of cisplatin from the body following a strong and rapid fixation of cisplatin to proteins.
Treatment in the event of an overdose consists of general support measures.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Cisplatin has biochemical properties similar to those of bifunctional alkylating agents. The drug inhibits DNA synthesis by producing intrastrand and interstrand cross links in DNA. Protein and RNA synthesis are also inhibited to a lesser extent.
Although the principal mechanism of action of cisplatin appears to be inhibition of DNA synthesis, other mechanisms, including enhancement of tumour immunogenicity, may be involved in its antineoplastic activity. Cisplatin also has immunosuppressive, radiosensitising, and antimicrobial properties.
Cisplatin does not appear to be cell cycle specific.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
There is good uptake of cisplatin by the kidneys, liver and intestine. More than 90% of platinum containing species remaining in the blood are bound (possibly irreversibly) to plasma proteins.
Penetration into the CSF is poor although significant amounts of cisplatin can be detected in intracerebral tumours.
The clearance of total platinum from plasma is rapid during the first four hours after intravenous administration, but then proceeds more slowly because of covalent binding to serum proteins. Levels of unbound platinum fall with a half-life of 20 minutes to 1 hour depending on the rate of drug infusion.
The elimination of intact drug and various platinum-containing biotransformation products is via the urine. About 15-25% of administered platinum is rapidly excreted in the first 2-4 hours after administration of cisplatin. This early excretion is mostly of intact cisplatin. In the first 24 hours after administration, 20-80% is excreted, the remainder representing drug bound to tissues or plasma protein.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Cisplatin has been shown to be mutagenic. It may also have an anti-fertility effect. Other anti-neoplastic substances have been shown to be carcinogenic and this possibility should be borne in mind in long term use of cisplatin.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Mannitol Sodium Chloride
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Water for Injection
6.2 Incompatibilities
There is a total loss of Cisplatin in 30 minutes at room temperature when mixed with Metoclopramide and Sodium Metabisulphite in concentrations equivalent to those that would be found on mixing with a commercial formulation of Metoclopramide.
Cisplatin and Sodium Bisulphite have been known to react chemically. Such antioxidants might inactivate Cisplatin before administration if they are present in intravenous fluids.
6.3 Shelf life
Prior to first use: 24 months In use: 24 hours
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Prior to first use: Do not store above 25°C. Do not refrigerate or freeze. Keep container in the outer carton.
In use: Following dilution in 0.9% sodium chloride injection, chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for up to 14 days at 20°C. The diluted product should not be refrigerated. From a microbiological point of view, however, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user and dilution should take place in controlled and validated aseptic conditions.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
10ml/10ml, 50mg/50ml and 100mg/100ml presentations in Type I amber glass vials and Onco-Tain® vials with rubber closures, packed as single vials or packs of 10.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
Single use only. Discard any unused contents.
Refer to local cytotoxic handling guidelines.
Dilution:
Cisplatin 1mg/ml Sterile Concentrate should be diluted in 2 litres of 0.9% sodium chloride injection.
Administration:
Should be administered only by or under the direct supervision of a qualified physician who is experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Preparation (Guidelines):
1. Chemotherapeutic agents should be prepared for administration only by professionals who have been trained in the safe use of the preparation.
2. Operations such as reconstitution, dilution and transfer to syringes should be carried out only in the designated area.
3. The personnel carrying out these procedures should be adequately protected with clothing, gloves and eye shield.
4. Pregnant personnel are advised not to handle chemotherapeutic agents
Contamination:
(a) In the event of contact with the skin or eyes, the affected area should be washed with copious amounts of water or normal saline. A bland cream may be used to treat the transient stinging of skin. Medical advice should be sought if the eyes are affected.
(b) In the event of spillage, operators should put on gloves and mop up the spilled material with a sponge kept in the area for that purpose. Rinse the area twice with water. Put all solutions and sponges into a plastic bag and seal it.
Disposal:
Syringes, container, absorbent materials, solution and any other contaminated
material should be placed in a thick plastic bag or other impervious container
and incinerated.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Hospira UK Limited
Queensway
Royal Leamington Spa
Warwickshire
CV31 3RW
UK
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 04515/0026
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
02/09/1985 / 17/03/2003
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
09/12/2015