Co-Codamol 30/500mg Effervescent Tablets
Out of date information, search anotherSUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Co-codamol 30/500mg Effervescent Tablets.
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains 30mg codeine phosphate hemihydrate and 500mg paracetamol.
Also contains aspartame and sodium.
For a full list of excipients see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Effervescent tablet.
White circular, flat bevelled edge tablet, plain on both sides.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
For the relief of severe pain.
Co-codamol is indicated in patients older than 12 years of age for the treatment of acute moderate pain which is not considered to be relieved by other analgesics such as paracetamol or ibuprofen (alone).
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Co-codamol should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest period of time. This dose may be taken, up to 4 times a day at intervals of not less than 6 hours. Maximum daily dose of codeine should not exceed 240mg.
The duration of treatment should be limited to 3 days and if no effective pain relief is achieved the patients/carers should be advised to seek the views of a physician.
Adults
Two tablets dissolved in water not more frequently than every 4 hours to a maximum of 8 tablets in any 24-hour period.
Elderly
As adults, however a reduced dose may be required (See Section 4.4).
Paediatric population
Children aged 12 years to 18 years:
The recommended Co-codamol dose for children 12 years and older should be one to two tablets not to be taken more frequently than every six hours up to a maximum of eight tablets in any 24 hour period.
Children aged less than 12 years:
Co-codamol should not be used in children below the age of 12 years because of the risk of opioid toxicity due to the variable and unpredictable metabolism of codeine to morphine (see sections 4.3 and 4.4).
Method of administration
For oral administration.
4.3 Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to codeine or paracetamol or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
• In all paediatric patients (0-18 years of age) who undergo tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome due to an increased risk of developing serious and life-threatening adverse reactions (see section 4.4)
• In women during breastfeeding (see section 4.6)
• In patients for whom it is known they are CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolisers
• In patients with acute asthma, respiratory depression, acute alcoholism, head injuries, raised intra-cranial pressure and following biliary tract surgery.
• In patients currently receiving or within 14 days of stopping monoamine oxidase inhibitor therapy.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
These tablets contain 438mg sodium per tablet and should be avoided by patients on a low sodium diet.
The tablets contain aspartame and so should not be taken by patients with phenylketonuria.
CYP2D6 metabolism
Codeine is metabolised by the liver enzyme CYP2D6 into morphine, its active metabolite. If a patient has a deficiency or is completely lacking this enzyme an adequate analgesic effect will not be obtained. Estimates indicate that up to 7% of the Caucasian population may have this deficiency. However, if the patient is an extensive or ultra-rapid metaboliser there is an increased risk of developing side effects of opioid toxicity even at commonly prescribed doses. These patients convert codeine into morphine rapidly resulting in higher than expected serum morphine levels.
General symptoms of opioid toxicity include confusion, somnolence, shallow breathing, small pupils, nausea, vomiting, constipation and lack of appetite. In severe cases this may include symptoms of circulatory and respiratory depression, which may be life-threatening and very rarely fatal.
Estimates of prevalence of ultra-rapid metabolisers in different populations are summarized below:
|
Population |
Prevalence % |
|
Afri can/Ethi opi an |
29% |
|
African American |
3.4% to 6.5% |
|
Asian |
1.2% to 2% |
|
Caucasian |
3.6% to 6.5% |
|
Greek |
6.0% |
|
Hungarian |
1.9% |
|
Northern European |
1%-2% |
Post-operative use in children
There have been reports in the published literature that codeine given postoperatively in children after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnoea, led to rare, but life-threatening adverse events including death (see section 4.3). All children received doses of codeine that were within the appropriate dose range; however there was evidence that these children were either ultrarapid or extensive metabolisers in their ability to metabolise codeine to morphine.
Children with compromised respiratory function
Codeine is not recommended for use in children in whom respiratory function might be compromised including neuromuscular disorders, severe cardiac or respiratory conditions, upper respiratory or lung infections, multiple trauma or extensive surgical procedures. These factors may worsen symptoms of morphine toxicity.
Hepatic and renal impairment
Care should be taken when prescribing these tablets to patients with severe liver or renal impairment. The hazards of overdose are greater in those with alcoholic liver disease.
Elderly patients
Care should be observed in administering the product to any patients whose condition may be exacerbated by opioid, particularly the elderly, who may be sensitive to their central and gastro-intestinal effects, those on concurrent CNS depressent drugs, those with prostatic hypertrophy and those with inflammatory or obstructive bowel disorders.
Care should be observed if prolonged therapy is contemplated.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
Caution is advised when taking codeine with monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) therapy. Co-codamol Effervescent Tablets should not be taken concurrently or within 14 days of MAOI’s.
Patients should be advised not to exceed the recommended dose and not take other paracetamol containing products concurrently.
The leaflet will state in a prominent position in the ‘before taking’ section:
• Do not take for longer than directed by your prescriber.
• Taking codeine regularly for a long time can lead to addiction, which might cause you to feel restless and irritable when you stop the tablets.
• Taking a painkiller for headaches too often or for too long can make them worse.
The label will state (To be displayed prominently on outer pack - not boxed):
• Do not take for longer than directed by your prescriber as taking codeine regularly for a long time can lead to addiction.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Avoid taking Co-codamol Effervescent Tablets with CNS depressants (including other opioid analgesics and alcohol) or other paracetamol containing products.
Paracetamol may increase the elimination half-life of chloramphenicol. Oral contraceptives may increase its rate of clearance. There is increased absorption when taken with metoclopramide or domperidone. Coadministration with colestyramine may reduce absorption.
Patients on anticoagulants may take occasional doses of Co-codamol Effervescent Tablets but the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular administration of paracetamol with increased risk of bleeding. Occasional doses have no significant effect.
4.6. Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
There is inadequate evidence of the safety of codeine in human pregnancy, but there is epidemiological evidence for the safety of paracetamol. Both substances have been used for many years without apparent ill consequences and animal studies have not shown any hazard. Nonetheless careful consideration should be given before prescribing the product for pregnant patients. Opioid analgesics may depress neonatal respiration and cause withdrawal effects in neonates of dependent mothers.
Breast-feeding
Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk but not in a clinically significant amount.
Codeine should not be used during breastfeeding (see section 4.3).
At normal therapeutic doses codeine and its active metabolites may be present in breast milk at very low doses and is unlikely to adversely affect the breast fed infant. However, if the patient is an ultra-rapid metaboliser of CYP2D6, higher levels of the active metabolites, morphine, may be present in breast milk and on very rare occasions may result in symptoms of opioid toxicity in the infant, which may be fatal.
If symptoms of opioid toxicity develop in either the mother or the infant, then all codeine containing medicines should be stopped and alternative non-opioid analgesics prescribed. In severe cases consideration should be given to prescribing naloxone to reverse these effects.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Patients should be warned not to drive or operate machinery if they become dizzy or sedated while taking Co-codamol Effervescent Tablets.
This medicine can impair cognitive function and can affect a patient’s ability to drive safely. This class of medicine is in the list of drugs included in regulations under 5a of the Road Traffic Act 1988. When prescribing this medicine, patients should be told:
• The medicine is likely to affect your ability to drive
• Do not drive until you know how the medicine affects you
• It is an offence to drive while under the influence of this medicine
• However, you would not be committing an offence (called ‘statutory defence’) if:
o The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem and
o You have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber and in the information provided with the medicine and o It was not affecting your ability to drive safely
4.8. Undesirable effects
Co-codamol Effervescent Tablets are generally well tolerated but hypersensitivity reactions including skin rashes may occur. Rare cases of anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, pruritus and fixed drug eruption have been reported with medications containing paracetamol and/or codeine.
There have been reports of blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis, but these were not necessarily causally related to co-codamol.
Rare adverse effects of paracetamol are
- Immune system disorders
- Hypersensitivity including skin rash may occur
- Not known: Anaphylactic shock, angioedema
Very rare cases of serious skin reactions have been reported.
Codeine may sometimes cause typical opioid effects such as vomiting, constipation, nausea, light-headedness, dizziness, confusion, drowsiness and urinary retention. The frequency and severity of these effects are determined by dosage, duration of treatment and individual sensitivity. There have been very rare reports of acute pancreatitis in patients taking codeine or codeine/paracetamol combinations.
• Regular prolonged use of codeine is known to lead to addiction and tolerance. Symptoms of restlessness and irritability may result when treatment is then stopped.
• Prolonged use of a painkiller for headaches can make them worse.
4.9 Overdose
Paracetamol
Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10g or more of paracetamol. Ingestion of 5g or more of paracetamol may lead to liver damage if the patient has risk factors (see below).
Risk factors
If the patient
a. Is on long term treatment with carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St John’s Wort or other drugs that induce liver enzymes.
or
b. Regularly consumes ethanol in excess of recommended amounts. or
c. Is likely to be glutathione deplete e.g. eating disorders, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, starvation, cachexia.
Symptoms
Symptoms of paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur. In severe poisoning, hepatic failure may progress to encephalopathy, haemorrhage, hypoglycaemia, cerebral oedema, and death. Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis strongly suggested by loin pain, haematuria and proteinuria, may develop even in the absence of severe liver damage. Cardiac arrhythmias and pancreatitis have been reported.
Management
Immediate treatment is essential in the management of paracetamol overdose. Despite a lack of significant early symptoms, patients should be referred to hospital urgently for immediate medical attention. Symptoms may be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF overdose section.
Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour. Plasma paracetamol concentration should be measured 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable). Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol, however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours post-ingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital. Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction beyond 24h from ingestion should be discussed with the NPIS or a liver unit.
Codeine
Nausea and vomiting are prominent symptoms of codeine toxicity, with circulatory and respiratory depression in severe overdose.
The effects in overdosage will be potentiated by simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and psychotropic drugs.
Symptoms
Central nervous system depression, including respiratory depression, may develop but is unlikely to be severe unless other sedative agents have been coingested, including alcohol, or the overdose is very large. The pupils may be pin-point in size; nausea and vomiting are common. Hypotension and tachycardia are possible but unlikely.
Management
This should include general symptomatic and supportive measures including a clear airway and monitoring of vital signs until stable. Consider activated charcoal if an adult presents within one hour of ingestion of more than 350 mg or a child more than 5 mg/kg.
Give naloxone if coma or respiratory depression is present. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist and has a short half-life so large and repeated doses may be required in a seriously poisoned patient. Observe for at least four hours after ingestion, or eight hours if a sustained release preparation has been taken.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Anilides, Paracetamol combinations ATC Code: NO2B E51
Paracetamol is an analgesic which acts peripherally, probably by blocking impulse generation at the bradykinin sensitive chemo-receptors which evoke pain. Although it is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, the synthetase system in the CNS rather than the periphery appears to be more sensitive to it. This may explain paracetamol's lack of appreciable anti-inflammatory activity. Paracetamol also exhibits antipyretic activity.
Codeine is a centrally acting weak analgesic.
Codeine exerts its effect through p opioid receptors, although codeine has low affinity for these receptors, and its analgesic effect is due to its conversion to morphine. Codeine, particularly in combination with other analgesics such as paracetamol, has been shown to be effective in acute nociceptive pain.
5.2. Pharmacokinetic properties
Following oral administration of two effervescent tablets (i.e., a dose of paracetamol 1000mg and codeine 60mg) the mean maximum plasma concentrations of paracetamol and codeine were 20.4pg/ml and 218.8ng/ml respectively. The mean times to maximum plasma concentrations were 0.34 hours for paracetamol and 0.42 hours for codeine phosphate.
The mean AUC for the 10 hours following administration was 50.0pg/ml per hour for paracetamol and 450.0ng/ml per hour for codeine.
The bioavailabilities of paracetamol and codeine phosphate when given as the combination are similar to those when they are given separately.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
There are no preclinical data of relevance which are additional to that already included in other sections of the SPC.
PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6
6.1 List of excipients
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
Citric acid anhydrous
Sodium carbonate anhydrous
Povidone
Simeticone
Sodium saccharin
Aspartame
Polysorbate 80
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable
6.3 Shelf life
3 years
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C. Store in the original package.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Aluminium / Aluminium foil strips
Pack sizes: 30, 32, 56, 60, 84, 90 and 100 tablets.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
None
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Cipla (EU) Limited
Hillbrow House
Hillbrow Road
Esher
Surrey
KT10 9NW
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 36390/0006
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE
AUTHORISATION
06/10/2011
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
09/03/2015