Lansoprazole 15 Mg Gastro-Resistant Capsules Hard
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Lansoprazole 15 mg Gastro-Resistant Capsules, Hard
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each capsule contains 15 mg of lansoprazole.
Excipients with known effect:
Sucrose
Tartrazine (E102)
Carmoisine (E122)
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Gastro-resistant capsule, hard (Gastro-resistant capsule)
White/red-brownish gelatin gastro-resistant capsule imprinted with ‘W760’ in black ink, filled with white, off-white to bluish pellets.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
• Treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers
• Treatment of reflux oesophagitis
• Prophylaxis of reflux oesophagitis
• Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) concurrently given with appropriate antibiotic therapy for treatment of H. pylori-associated ulcers
• Treatment of NSAID-associated benign gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients requiring continued NSAID treatment
• Prophylaxis of NSAID-associated gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers in patients at risk (see section 4.2) requiring continued therapy
• Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
Treatment of duodenal ulcer:
The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily for two weeks. In patients not fully healed within this time, the medication should be continued at the same dose for another two weeks.
Treatment of gastric ulcer:
The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The ulcer usually heals within four weeks, but in patients not fully healed within this time, the medication should be continued at the same dose for another four weeks.
Reflux oesophagitis:
The recommended dose is 30 mg once daily for four weeks. In patients not fully healed within this time, the treatment may be continued at the same dose for another four weeks.
Prophylaxis of reflux oesophagitis:
The recommended dose is 15 mg once daily. The dose may be increased up to 30 mg daily if necessary.
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori:
When selecting appropriate combination therapy consideration should be given to official local guidance regarding bacterial resistance, duration of treatment, (most commonly seven days but sometimes up to 14 days), and appropriate use of antibacterial agents.
The recommended dose is 30 mg twice daily for seven days in combination with one of the following:
Clarithromycin 250-500 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1 g twice daily Clarithromycin 250 mg twice daily + metronidazole 400-500 mg twice daily
H. pylori eradication rates of up to 90% are obtained when clarithromycin is combined with lansoprazole and amoxicillin or metronidazole.
Six months after successful eradication treatment, the risk of re-infection is low and relapse is therefore unlikely.
Use of a regimen including lansoprazole 30 mg twice daily, amoxicillin 1 g twice daily and metronidazole 400-500 mg twice daily has also been examined. Lower eradication rates were seen using this combination than in regimens involving clarithromycin. It may be suitable for those who are unable to take clarithromycin as part of an eradication therapy, when local resistance rates to metronidazole are low.
Treatment of NSAID associated benign gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients requiring continued NSAID treatment:
30 mg once daily for four weeks. In patients not fully healed the treatment may be continued for another four weeks. For patients at risk or with ulcers that are difficult to heal, a longer course of treatment and/or a higher dose should probably be used.
Prophylaxis of NSAID associated gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients at risk (such as age > 65 or history of gastric or duodenal ulcer) requiring prolonged NSAID treatment:
15 mg once daily. If the treatment fails the dose 30 mg once daily should be used.
Symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease:
The recommended dose is 15 mg or 30 mg daily. Relief of symptoms is obtained rapidly. Individual adjustment of dosage should be considered. If the symptoms are not relieved within four weeks with a dose of 30 mg, further examinations are recommended.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome:
The recommended initial dose is 60 mg once daily. The dose should be individually adjusted and the treatment should be continued for as long as necessary. Daily doses of up to 180 mg have been used. If the required daily dose exceeds 120 mg, it should be given in two divided doses.
Impaired hepatic or renal function:
There is no need for a dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function. Patients with moderate or severe liver disease should be kept under regular supervision and a 50% reduction of the daily dose is recommended (see section 4.4 and 5.2).
Elderly:
Due to reduced clearance of lansoprazole in the elderly an adjustment of dose may be necessary based on individual requirements. A daily dose of 30 mg should not be exceeded in the elderly unless there are compelling clinical indications.
Paediatric population
The use of lansoprazole gastro-resistant capsules is not recommended in children as clinical data are limited (see also section 5.2).
Method of Administration
For optimal effect, lansoprazole should be taken once daily in the morning, except when used for H. pylori eradication when treatment should be twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. Lansoprazole should be taken at least 30 minutes before food (see section 5.2). Capsules should be swallowed whole with liquid.
For patients with difficulty swallowing; studies and clinical practice suggest that the capsules may be opened and the granules mixed with a small amount of water, apple/tomato juice or sprinkled onto a small amount of soft food (e.g. yoghurt, apple puree) to ease administration. Capsules may also be opened and granules mixed with 40 ml of apple juice for administration through a nasogastric tube (see section 5.2). After preparing the suspension or mixture, the drug should be administered immediately.
4.3
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
Lansoprazole should not be administered with atazanavir (see section 4.5).
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
In common with other anti-ulcer therapies, the possibility of malignant gastric tumours should be excluded when treating a gastric ulcer with lansoprazole because lansoprazole can mask the symptoms and delay the diagnosis.
Lansoprazole should be used with caution in patients with moderate and severe hepatic dysfunction (see sections 4.2 and 5.2).
Decreased gastric acidity due to lansoprazole might be expected to increase gastric counts of bacteria normally present in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with lansoprazole may lead to a slightly increased risk of gastrointestinal infections such as
Salmonella and Campylobacter.
In patients suffering from gastro-duodenal ulcers, the possibility of H. pylori infection as an etiological factor should be considered.
If lansoprazole is used in combination with antibiotics for eradication therapy of H.pylori, then the instructions for the use of these antibiotics should also be followed.
Because of limited safety data for patients on maintenance treatment for longer than one year, regular review of the treatment and a thorough benefit-/risk assessment should regularly be performed in these patients.
Very rarely cases of colitis have been reported in patients taking lansoprazole. Therefore, in the case of severe and/or persistent diarrhoea, discontinuation of therapy should be considered.
The treatment for the prevention of peptic ulceration of patients in need of continuous NSAID treatment should be restricted to high risk patients (e.g. previous gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation or ulcer, advanced age, concomitant use of medication known to increase the likelihood of upper GI adverse events [e.g. corticosteroids or anticoagulants], the presence of a serious co-morbidity factor or the prolonged use of NSAID maximum recommended doses).
Capsules of lansoprazole contain sucrose. Patients with rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency should not take this medicine.
This medicinal product contains tartrazine (E102) and carmoisine (E122), which may cause allergic reactions.
4.5. Interactions with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction Effects of lansoprazole on other drugs Medicinal products with pH dependant absorption
Lansoprazole may interfere with the absorption of drugs where gastric pH is critical to bioavailability.
Atazanavir:
A study has shown that co-administration of lansoprazole (60 mg once daily) with atazanavir 400 mg to healthy volunteers resulted in a substantial reduction in atazanavir exposure (approximately 90% decrease in AUC and Cmax). Lansoprazole should not be co-administered with atazanavir (see section 4.3).
Ketoconazole and itraconazole:
The absorption of ketoconazole and itraconazole from the gastrointestinal tract is enhanced by the presence of gastric acid. Administration of lansoprazole may result in sub-therapeutic concentrations of ketoconazole and itraconazole and the combination should be avoided.
Digoxin:
Co-administration of lansoprazole and digoxin may lead to increased digoxin plasma levels. The plasma levels of digoxin should therefore be monitored and the dose of digoxin adjusted if necessary when initiating and ending lansoprazole treatment.
Methotrexate
Concomitant use of PPIs with methotrexate (primarily at high dose), may elevate and prolong serum levels of methotrexate and/or its metabolite hydroxymethotrexate, possibly leading to methotrexate toxicities. A temporary withdrawal of the PPI may be considered in patients receiving treatments with high doses of methotrexate.
Medicinal products metabolised by P450 enzymes
Lansoprazole may increase plasma concentrations of drugs that are metabolised by CYP3A4. Caution is advised when combining lansoprazole with drugs which are metabolised by this enzyme and have a narrow therapeutic window.
Theophylline:
Lansoprazole reduces the plasma concentration of theophylline, which may decrease the expected clinical effect at the dose. Caution is advised when combining the two drugs.
Tacrolimus:
Co-administration of lansoprazole increases the plasma concentrations of tacrolimus (a CYP3A and P-gp substrate). Lansoprazole exposure increased the mean exposure of tacrolimus by up to 81%. Monitoring of tacrolimus plasma concentrations is advised when concomitant treatment with lanzoprazole is initiated or ended.
Medicinal products transported by P-glycoprotein
Lansoprazole has been observed to inhibit the transport protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in vitro. The clinical relevance of this is unknown.
Effects of other drugs on lansoprazole
Drugs which inhibit CYP2C19
Fluvoxamine:
A dose reduction may be considered when combining lansoprazole with the CYP2C19 inhibitor fluvoxamine. The plasma concentrations of lansoprazole increase up to four-fold.
Drugs which induce CYP2C19 and CYP3A4
Enzyme inducers affecting CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 such as rifampicin, and St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) can markedly reduce the plasma concentrations of lansoprazole.
Others
Sucralfate/Antacids:
Sucralfate/Antacids may decrease the bioavailability of lansoprazole. Therefore lansoprazole should be taken at least one hour after taking these drugs.
NSAIDs:
No clinically significant interactions of lansoprazole with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs have been demonstration, although no formal interactions studies have been performed.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy:
For lansoprazole no clinical data on exposed pregnancies are available. Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to pregnancy, embryonal/foetal development, parturition or postnatal development.
Therefore, the use of lansoprazole during pregnancy is not recommended.
Lactation:
It is not known whether lansoprazole is excreted in human breast milk. Animal studies have shown that lansoprazole is excreted in milk.
A decision on whether to continue/discontinue breast-feeding or to continue/discontinue therapy with lansoprazole should be made taking into account the benefit of breast-feeding to the child and the benefit of lansoprazole therapy to the woman.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Adverse drug reactions such as dizziness, vertigo, visual disturbances and somnolence may occur (see section 4.8). Under these conditions the ability to react may be decreased.
4.8. Undesirable effects
Frequencies are defined as common (> 1/100, < 1/10); uncommon (> 1/1,000, < 1/100); rare (> 1/10,000, < 1/1,000); very rare (< 1/10,000).
|
Common |
Uncommon |
Rare |
Very rare | |
|
Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
Thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leucopenia |
Anaemia |
Agranulocytosis, pancytopenia | |
|
Psychiatric disorders |
Depression |
Insomnia, hallucination, confusion | ||
|
Nervous system disorders |
Headache, dizziness |
Restlessness, vertigo, paraesthesia, somnolence, tremor | ||
|
Eye disorders |
Visual disturbances | |||
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
Nausea, diarrhoea, stomach ache, constipation, vomiting, flatulence, dry mouth or throat |
Glossitis, candidiasis of the oesophagus, pancreatitis, taste disturbances |
Colitis, stomatitis | |
|
Hepatobiliary disorders |
Increase in liver enzyme levels |
Hepatitis, jaundice | ||
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
Urticaria, itching, rash |
Petechiae, purpura, hair loss, erythema multiforme, photosensitivity |
Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis |
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders |
Arthralgia, myalgia | |||
|
Renal and urinary disorders |
Interstitial nephritis | |||
|
Reproductive system and breast disorders |
Gynaecomastia | |||
|
General disorders and administration site conditions |
Fatigue |
Oedema |
Fever, hyperhidrosis, angiodema, anorexia, impotence |
Anaphylactic shock |
|
Investigations |
Increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels, hyponatremia |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard.
4.9 Overdose
The effects of an overdose of lansoprazole in humans are not known (although the acute toxicity is likely to be low) and, consequently, instructions for treatment cannot be given. However, daily doses of up to 180 mg of lansoprazole orally and up to 90 mg of lansoprazole intravenously have been administered in trials without significant undesirable effects.
Please refer to section 4.8 for possible symptoms of lansoprazole overdose.
In case of suspected overdose the patient should be monitored. Lansoprazole is not significantly eliminated by haemodialysis. If necessary, gastric emptying, charcoal and symptomatic therapy are recommended.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Proton pump inhibitors. ATC-code: A02BC03.
Lansoprazole is a gastric proton pump inhibitor. It inhibits the final stage in the process of gastric acid formation by inhibiting the activity of the H+/K+ATPase of the parietal cells in the stomach. The inhibition is dose-dependent and reversible, and the effect applies to both basal and stimulated secretion of gastric acid. Lansoprazole is concentrated in parietal cells and becomes active in their acidic environment, whereupon it reacts with sulphydryl group of H+/K+ATPase causing inhibition of the enzyme activity.
Effect on gastric acid secretion:
Lansoprazole is a specific inhibitor of the parietal cell proton pump. A single oral dose of lansoprazole inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion by about 80%. After repeated daily administration for seven days, about 90% inhibition of gastric acid secretion is achieved. It has a corresponding effect on the basal secretion of gastric acid. A single oral dose of 30 mg reduces basal secretion by about 70%; consequently, the patients' symptoms are relieved starting from the very first dose. After eight days of repeated administration the reduction is about 85%. A rapid relief of symptoms is obtained by one capsule (30 mg) daily, and most patients with duodenal ulcer recover within two weeks; patients with gastric ulcer and reflux oesophagitis within four weeks. By reducing gastric acidity, lansoprazole creates and environment in which appropriate antibiotics can be effective against H. pylori.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Lansoprazole is a racemate of two active enantiomers that are biotransformed into the active form in the acidic environment of the parietal cells. As lansoprazole is rapidly inactivated by gastric acid, it is administered orally in enteric-coated forms(s) for systemic absorption.
Absorption and distribution
Lansoprazole exhibits high (80-90%) bioavailability with a single dose. Peak plasma levels occur within 1.5 to 2.0 hours. Intake of food slows the absorption rate of lansoprazole and reduces the bioavailability by about 50%. The plasma protein binding is 97%.
Studies have shown that granules from opened capsules give equivalent AUC as the intact capsule if the granules are suspended in a small amount of orange juice, apple juice, or tomato juice mixed with a tablespoon of apple or pear puree or sprinkled on a tablespoon of yoghurt, pudding or cottage cheese. Equivalent AUC has also been shown for granules suspended in apple juice administered through a naso-gastric tube.
Metabolism and elimination
Lansoprazole is extensively metabolised by the liver and the metabolites are excreted by both the renal and biliary route. The metabolism of lansoprazole is mainly catalysed by the enzyme CYP2C19. The enzyme CYP3A4 also contributes to the metabolism. The plasma elimination half-life ranges from 1 to 2 hours following single or multiple doses in healthy subjects. There is no evidence of accumulation following multiple doses in healthy subjects. Sulphone, sulphide and 5-hydroxyl derivatives of lansoprazole have been identified in plasma. These metabolites have very little or no antisecretory activity.
A study with 14C labelled lansoprazole indicated that approximately one-third of the administered radiation was excreted in the urine and two-thirds was recovered in the faeces.
Pharmacokinetics in elderly patients
The clearance of lansoprazole is decreased in the elderly, with elimination half-life increased approximately 50% to 100%. Peak plasma levels were not increased in the elderly.
Pharmacokinetics in paediatric patients
The evaluation of the pharmacokinetics in children aged 1 -17 years of age showed a similar exposure as compared to adults with doses of 15 mg for those below 30 kg of weight and 30 mg for those above. The investigation of a dose of 17 mg/m2 body surface or 1 mg/kg body weight also resulted in comparable exposure of lansoprazole in children aged 2-3 months up to one year of age compared to adults.
Higher exposure to lansoprazole in comparison to adults has been seen in infants below the age of 2-3 months with doses of both 1.0 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg body weight given as a single dose.
Pharmacokinetics in hepatic insufficiency
The exposure of lansoprazole is doubled in patients with mild hepatic impairment and much more increased in patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment.
CYP2C19 poor metabolisers
CYP2C19 is subject to genetic polymorphism and 2-6% of the population, called poor metabolisers (PMs), are homozygote for a mutant CYP2C19 allele and therefore lacks a functional CYP2C19 enzyme. The exposure of lansoprazole is several-fold higher in PMs than in extensive metabolisers (EMs).
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Preclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, toxicity to reproduction or genotoxicity.
In two rat carcinogenicity studies, lansoprazole produced dose-related gastric ECL cell hyperplasia and ECL cell carcinoids associated with hypergastrinaemia due to inhibition of acid secretion. Intestinal metaplasia was also observed, as were Leydig cell hyperplasia and benign Leydig cell tumours. After 18 months of treatment retinal atrophy was observed. This was not seen in monkeys, dogs or mice.
In mouse carcinogenicity studies dose-related gastric ECL cell hyperplasia developed as well as liver tumours and adenoma of rete testis.
The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Sugar spheres
Opadry clear {hypromellose (E464), talc (E553b), Macrogol (PEG 400 and 6000)} Magnesium carbonate, light (E504)
Hypromellose Macrogol (PEG 6000)
Sucrose
Talc, purified (E553b)
Methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymer Titanium dioxide (E171)
Polysorbate 80 Colloidal anhydrous silica
Capsule shell Body: Gelatin
Titanium dioxide (E171)
Water, purified Cap: Gelatin
Carmoisine (E122)
Tartrazine (E102)
Titanium dioxide (E171)
Brilliant blue (E133)
Water, purified
Capsule shell printing ink (black)
Shellac (E904)
Dehydrated alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Butyl alcohol Propylene glycol (E1520)
Strong ammonium solution Iron oxide, black (E172) Potassium hydroxide (E525) Water, purified
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf life
2 years
6.4 Special precautions for storage
Do not store above 25°C.
Store in the original package in order to protect from moisture.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Blisters (aluminium/aluminium)
Pack sizes of 14, 28, 49, 56, and 98.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special requirements.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Wockhardt UK Ltd Ash Road North Wrexham LL13 9UF U.K.
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 29831/0533
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
22/10/2012
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
13/08/2014