Macrogol Oral Powder Compound
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound, powder for oral solution in sachet
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each sachet contains the following active ingredients:
Sodium hydrogen carbonate 0.1785 g Potassium chloride 0.0466 g
The content of electrolyte ions per sachet when made up to 125 ml of solution is as follows:
Sodium 65 mmol/l
Chloride 53 mmol/l
Hydrogen carbonate 17 mmol/l
Potassium 5.4 mmol/l
For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Powder for oral solution.
Free flowing white powder.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
For the treatment of chronic constipation. Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound is also effective in resolving faecal impaction, defined as refractory constipation with faecal loading of the rectum and/or colon.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
Chronic constipation
A course of treatment for constipation with Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound does not normally exceed 2 weeks, although this can be repeated if required.
As for all laxatives, prolonged use is not usually recommended. Extended use may be necessary in the care of patients with severe chronic or resistant constipation, secondary to multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's Disease, or induced by regular constipating medication in particular opioids and antimuscarinics.
Adults, adolescents and the elderly: 1 -3 sachets daily in divided doses according to individual response.
For extended use, the dose can be adjusted down to 1-2 sachets daily.
Children (below 12 years old): Not recommended. Alternative products are available for children.
Faecal impaction
A course of treatment for faecal impaction does not normally exceed 3 days.
Adults, adolescents and the elderly: 8 sachets daily, all of which should be consumed within a 6 hour period.
Children (below 12 years old): Not recommended. Alternative products are available for children.
Patients with impaired cardiovascular function: For the treatment of faecal impaction the dose should be divided so that no more than 2 sachets are taken in any one hour.
Patients with renal insufficiency: No dosage change is necessary for the treatment of either chronic constipation or faecal impaction.
Method of administration
Each sachet should be dissolved in 125 ml water. For use in faecal impaction 8 sachets may be dissolved in 1 litre of water.
4.3 Contraindications
Intestinal perforation or obstruction due to structural or functional disorder of the gut wall, ileus, severe inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon.
Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
The fluid content of Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound when re-constituted with water does not replace regular fluid intake and adequate fluid intake must be maintained.
Diagnosis of impaction/faecal loading of the rectum should be confirmed by physical or radiological examination of the abdomen and rectum.
Mild adverse drug reactions are possible as indicated in Section 4.8. If patients develop any symptoms indicating shifts of fluids/electrolytes (e.g. oedema, shortness of breath, increasing fatigue, dehydration, cardiac failure) treatment should be stopped immediately and electrolytes measured, and any abnormality should be treated appropriately.
The absorption of other medicinal products could transiently be reduced due to an increase in gastro-intestinal transit rate induced by this medicinal product (see section 4.5).
This medicinal product contains 8.125 mmol sodium per 125 mL. To be taken into consideration by patients on a controlled sodium diet.
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Macrogol raises the solubility of medicinal products that are soluble in alcohol and relatively insoluble in water.
There is a possibility that the absorption of other medicinal products could be transiently reduced during use with this medicinal product (see section 4.4) There have been isolated reports of decreased efficacy with some concomitantly administered medicinal products, e.g. anti-epileptics.
4.6 Fertility, Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy:
There are limited amount of data from the use of Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown indirect reproductive toxicity (see section 5.3). Clinically, no effects during pregnancy are anticipated since systemic exposure to macrogol 3350 is negligible.
Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound can be used during pregnancy.
Breast-feeding:
No effects on the breastfed newborn/infant are anticipated since the systemic exposure of the breast-feeding woman to Macrogol 3350 is negligible.
Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound can be used during breast-feeding. Fertility
There are no data on the effects of Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound on fertility in humans. There were no effects on fertility in studies in male and female rats (see section 5.3).
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound has no influence on the ability to drive and use machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
Reactions related to the gastrointestinal tract occur most commonly.
These reactions may occur as a consequence of expansion of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract, and an increase in motility due to the pharmacologic effects of Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound. Mild diarrhoea usually responds to dose reduction.
The frequency of the adverse effects is not known as it cannot be estimated from the available data.
|
System Order Class |
Adverse Event |
|
Immune system disorders |
Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, angioedema, dyspnoea, rash, erythema, urticaria and pruritus |
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders |
Erythema |
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
Electrolyte disturbances, particularly hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia |
|
Nervous system disorders |
Headache |
|
Gastrointestinal disorders |
Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal distension, borborygmi, flatulence, anal discomfort |
|
General disorders and administration site conditions |
Peripheral oedema |
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via United Kingdom,Yellow Card Scheme;Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
Overdose
4.9
Severe pain or distension can be treated by nasogastric aspiration. Extensive fluid loss by diarrhoea or vomiting may require correction of electrolyte disturbances.
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Osmotically acting laxatives.
ATC code: A06A D65
Macrogol 3350 acts by virtue of its osmotic action in the gut, which induces a laxative effect. Macrogol 3350 increases the stool volume, which triggers colon motility via neuromuscular pathways. The physiological consequence is an improved propulsive colonic transportation of the softened stools and a facilitation of the defaecation. Electrolytes combined with macrogol 3350 are exchanged across the intestinal barrier (mucosa) with serum electrolytes and excreted in faecal water without net gain or loss of sodium, potassium and water.
For the indication of faecal impaction controlled comparative studies have not been performed with other treatments (e.g. enemas). In a non-comparative study in 27 adult patients, Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound cleared the faecal impaction in 12/27 (44%) after 1 day's treatment; 23/27 (85%) after 2 days' treatment and 24/27 (89%) at the end of 3 days.
Clinical studies in the use of Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound in chronic constipation have shown that the dose needed to produce normal formed stools tends to reduce over time. Many patients respond to between 1 and 2 sachets a day, but this dose should be adjusted depending on individual response.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Macrogol 3350 is unchanged along the gut. It is virtually unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Any macrogol 3350 that is absorbed is excreted via the urine.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
Preclinical studies provide evidence that macrogol 3350 has no significant systemic toxicity potential based on conventional studies of pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity and genotoxicity.
There were no direct embryotoxic or teratogenic effects in rats even at maternally toxic levels that are a multiple of 66 x the maximum recommended dose in humans for chronic constipation and 25 x for faecal impaction. Indirect embryofetal effects, including reduction in fetal and placental weights, reduced fetal viability, increased limb and paw hyperflexion and abortions, were noted in the rabbit at a maternally toxic dose that was 3.3 x the maximum recommended dose in humans for treatment of chronic constipation and 1.3 x for faecal impaction. Rabbits are a sensitive animal test species to the effects of Gl-acting substances and the studies were conducted under exaggerated conditions with high dose volumes administered, which are not clinically relevant. The findings may have been a consequence of an indirect effect of Macrogol Oral Powder, Compound related to poor maternal condition as the result of an exaggerated pharmacodynamic response in the rabbit. There was no indication of a teratogenic effect.
There are long-term animal toxicity and carcinogenicity studies involving macrogol 3350. Results from these and other toxicity studies using high levels of orally administered high molecular weight macrogols provide evidence of safety at the recommended therapeutic dose.
6 PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6.1 List of excipients
Acesulfame potassium (E950)
Lemon Flavour (contains acacia gum (E414) and flavouring)
6.2 Incompatibilities
Not applicable.
6.3 Shelf life
36 months.
Reconstituted solution: 24 hours.
Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C).
6.4 Special precautions for storage
This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions. Reconstituted product: See section 6.3.
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Sachet: laminate consisting of four layers (inner to outer): low density polyethylene, aluminium, low density polyethylene and paper.
Not all pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
Any unused solution should be discarded within 24 hours.
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Chanelle Medical, Loughrea, Co. Galway, Ireland.
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 13931/0048
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
31/01/2014
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
19/03/2016