NEGABAN 1 g,

powder for solution for injection/infusion (temocillin)

Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine.

-    Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.

-    If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

-    This medicine has been prescribed for you. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their symptoms are the same as yours.

-    If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.

In this leaflet:

1.    What Negaban is and what it is used for

2.    Before you receive Negaban

3.    How Negaban is given

4.    Possible side effects

5.    How to store Negaban

6.    Further information

1.    WHAT NEGABAN IS AND WHAT IT IS USED FOR

Negaban belongs to the penicillin group of antibiotics. It works by killing some types of bacteria that may cause infections.

Negaban is used to treat:

•    bacterial infections of the chest and lungs

•    bacterial infections of the kidneys and bladder

•    other types of infections when there are bacteria in the bloodstream

2.    BEFORE YOU RECEIVE NEGABAN Do not use Negaban

•    if you ever had an allergic reaction to temocillin.

•    if you ever had an allergic reaction to any antibiotic of the types called penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems or monobactams.

If you are not sure, you should talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before you receive Negaban. This is especially important if you have ever had an allergic reaction to any antibiotic but you are not sure what type of antibiotic it was.

Take special care with Negaban

•    if you have been told that your kidneys do not work normally.

•    if you have been told that your potassium levels are low.

If any of the above applies to you, your doctor may still decide to give you Negaban but may choose a lower dose than is usually given.

Using other medicines

You should continue to take all other medicines that you may be taking on a regular basis on the advice of your doctor while you are receiving Negaban.

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription.

Using Negaban with food and drink

Negaban should not interfere with food and drink.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding

Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking any medicine.

•    You should tell your doctor or nurse if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant before you receive Negaban because it should not usually be given to pregnant women.

•    You should tell your doctor or nurse if you are breastfeeding before you receive Negaban. Small quantities of the active ingredient appear in breast milk and can be passed on to your baby. Your doctor may decide that you should not have Negaban or may advise you to have Negaban but stop breast-feeding while you are being treated.

Driving and using machines

Negaban should not interfere with your ability to drive or operate machinery.

3.    HOW NEGABAN IS GIVEN Method of administration

Always use Negaban exactly as your doctor has told you. You should check with your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.

Negaban will first be dissolved in Water for Injection by your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. This solution will then be given to you either by injection into a vein or by injection into a muscle.

When Negaban is injected into a vein:

•    It may be given in 3-4 minutes or it may be put into an infusion (drip) and given over about 30 minutes or more.

•    Your doctor or nurse will make sure that Negaban is not given into a drip that also contains blood or blood products, other fluids that contain proteins or fats, or antibiotics called aminoglycosides.

When Negaban is injected into a muscle:

•    It may be dissolved in a weak solution of lidocaine so as to lessen the local pain that is sometimes felt when it is given in this way.

•    If your doctor decides to give Negaban with lidocaine,

-    he/she will check with you that you are not allergic to lidocaine or to any similar local anaesthetics,

-    and your doctor or nurse will ensure that the injection is not accidentally given into a blood vessel.

Usual doses

Your doctor will decide how much of this medicine you need each day and how often the injections should be given. The usual doses used are:

Adults of all ages 1-2 grams twice a day.

Adults with kidneys that do not work normally

People whose kidneys do not work normally may need a lower daily dose of Negaban. The dose may be reduced to no more than 1 gram per day or even 1 gram every other day.

Because some temocillin is removed from the body during haemodialysis treatments for very poor kidneys, a dose of Negaban is usually given after completing a haemodialysis session.

Your doctor will tell you how much you should have if your kidneys do not work normally.

Children

Insufficient data are available to recommend an appropriate dosage regime. Your doctor will decide how long your treatment with Negaban will last. If you use more Negaban than you should

Since Negaban is given by a doctor or nurse, it is very unlikely that you will receive too much temocillin. If you think that you may have been given too much, or an extra dose, tell your doctor or nurse.

If you forget to use Negaban

If you think that an injection has been missed, speak to your nurse, doctor or pharmacist.

If you stop using Negaban

Not applicable.

If you have any further questions on the use of this product, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

4.    POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS

Like all medicines, Negaban can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.

Allergic reactions such as a rash, itching, breathing problems, swelling of the tongue, lips, face and neck can occur occasionally. Some of these reactions can be very severe, can occur very soon after having a dose of Negaban or up to 48 hours later, and can happen after the first dose. In these cases, discontinuance of treatment and urgent medical treatment is needed: contact your doctor or nurse immediately.

Other side effects that have been reported with Negaban treatment include diarrhoea (several loose bowel movements a day) and pain in the muscles or in the joints at the injection site, inflammation of a vein with or without formation of a clot. In case of persistent diarrhoea, treatment must be discontinued immediately.

Bleeding manifestations and disorders of the nerves with muscular contractions have been reported in patients suffering from severe malfunction of the kidneys.

Tell a doctor or nurse immediately if you get any of these symptoms.

If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.

5.    HOW TO STORE NEGABAN

Keep out of the reach and sight of children.

Do not use Negaban after the expiry date which is stated on the label and carton after EXP. The expiry date refers to the last day of that month.

Since Negaban is usually given in hospitals, your doctor, nurse or pharmacist will take care that it is stored in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C) in the original package and will check that it is not used after the expiry date. They will also ensure that the powder is made into a solution immediately before it is given to you.

6.    FURTHER INFORMATION

What Negaban contains

The active substance is temocillin.

There are no other ingredients.

What Negaban looks like and contents of the pack

Each vial of Negaban 1 g powder for solution for injection/infusion contains 1 gram of the active ingredient temocillin.

Negaban 1 g powder for solution for injection/infusion is supplied in packs that contain 1 vial.

Marketing Authorisation Holder and Manufacturer

Marketing Authorisation Holder

Eumedica S.A. at Winston Churchill Avenue 67, BE-1180 Brussels, Belgium.

Manufacturer

Eumedica S.A. at Chemin de Nauwelette 1, BE-7170 Manage, Belgium. This leaflet was last approved in 08/2011.

TECHNICAL PACKAGE INSERT

1.    TRADE NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT

Negaban 1 g, powder for solution for injection/infusion.

2.    QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

1 g of temocillin as temocillin sodium.

3.    PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

Powder for solution for injection/infusion.

Vial containing a white to pale yellow sterile solid.

4.    CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1.    Therapeutic indications

Negaban is indicated for the treatment of septicaemia, urinary tract infection and lower respiratory tract infection where susceptible gram-negative bacilli are suspected or confirmed.

In mixed infections where gram-positive or anaerobic bacteria are also liable to be implicated, co-administration with other appropriate antibacterial agents should be considered.

Consideration should be given to official guidance on the appropriate use of antibacterial agents.

4.2.    Posology and method of administration

Adults (including the elderly): The usual dosage is 1-2 g every 12 hours.

Children: Insufficient data are available to recommend an appropriate dosage regime.

In case of continuous peritoneal dialysis in ambulatory patients: 1 g Negaban I.M. every 48 hours.

These data are based on studies where creatinine clearance was used to estimate the degree of renal impairment.

Limited experience in patients with impaired hepatic function has not indicated a need for a reduction in dosage.

Method of administration:

Negaban may be administered by intravenous injection, intermittent intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection.

Intravenous solutions: See also Section 6.6. Negaban solutions should be administered by slow injection into the vein (3-4 minutes) or as an intravenous infusion over a period of 30-40 minutes.

Intramuscular injection: Negaban may be given intramuscularly after reconstitution (see Section 6.6.). If pain is experienced at the site of I.M. injection, a sterile solution of lidocaine hydrochloride 0.5-1% may be used in place of Water for Injections.

4.3.    Contraindications

The use of Negaban is contraindicated in patients with a history of allergic reactions to any of the penicillins or any other type of beta-lactam drug.

4.4.    Special warnings and precautions for use

Serious and occasionally fatal anaphylactic reactions have been reported in patients receiving therapy with penicillins. If an allergic reaction occurs during therapy with Negaban, the drug must be discontinued.

Cross-allergy with cephalosporins is frequent (10 to 15%).

In patients with kidney failure, the posology must be adapted to the degree of insufficiency, as recommended in Section 4.2. Posology and Method of Administration.

Bleeding manifestations have occurr ed in some patients receiving beta-lactam antibiotics. These reactions have sometimes been assessed with abnormalities of coagulation tests and are more likely to occur in patients with renal failure. If bleeding manifestations occur, the antibiotic should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.

As with any antibiotic, temocillin may be associated with induced pseudomembranous colitis, although animal studies have never shown any induction of Clostridium difficile infection. In case of severe, persistent diarrhoea, caution is recommended,

Negaban must be discontinued and suitable therapy be initiated (eg oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin). Preparations which inhibit peristalsis are contra-indicated.

As with other antibiotics, the possibility of emergence of resistant organisms which might cause superinfections should be kept in mind, particularly during prolonged treatment. Microbiological follow-up may be required to detect any important superinfection. If this occurs, appropriate measures should be taken.

As with other penicillins, patients may experience neuromuscular excitability or convulsions if higher than recommended doses are given intravenously.

Periodic electrolyte determinations should be made in patients with low potassium reserves and the possibility of hypokalaemia should be kept in mind with patients who have potentially low potassium reserves and who are receiving cytotoxic therapy or diuretics. Modest elevations of indices of liver function may be observed.

1 vial of Negaban 1 g contains 5 mmol of sodium.

4.5.    Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction

None known.

4.6.    Pregnancy and lactation

Animal studies with Negaban have shown no teratogenic effects. There is no experience of Negaban in human pregnancy. Therefore, its use in pregnancy cannot be recommended. Trace quantities of penicillins can be detected in the milk of lactating mothers. Therefore, mothers should not breastfeed their infants while receiving Negaban.

4.7.    Effects on ability to drive and use machines

None known.

4.8.    Undesirable effects

Undesirable effects are typical of the injectable penicillins: they may include diarrhoea, pain at the site of I.M. injection, occasionally rash, either urticarial or erythematous.

Certain reactions such as fever, arthralgia or myalgia, sometimes develop more than 48 hours after the start of the treatment. In any case, discontinuance of treatment and recourse to another appropriate antibiotic therapy are essential.

In common with other fi-lactam antibiotics angioedema and anaphylaxis have been reported.

There is also a risk of phlebitis and thrombophlebitis with intravenous administration of fi-lactam antibiotics, although to a lesser extent in the case of Negaban.

In patients suffering from renal failure, neurological disorders with convulsions have been reported following the I.V. injection of high doses of penicillin.

4.9.    Overdose

There have been no reported cases of overdosage. Dosages of up to 8 g daily have been administered to volunteers without untoward effects.

Negaban may be removed from the circulation by haemodialysis.

5. PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

5.1. Pharmacodynamic properties

Pharmacotherapeutic group: fi-lactam antibacterials - penicillins (ATC: J01CA17)

The product is an injectable antibiotic active in vitro against many aerobic gram-negative bacteria, with the notable exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.

Mechanism of action:

fi-lactam antibiotics act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. fi-lactam antibiotics irreversibly bind to the active site of specific transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases known as Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBP), preventing peptidoglycan production.

Mechanism of resistance:

Temocillin is stable to most types of fi-lactamases, including most AmpC and Extended Spectrum fi-Lactamases. The only suspected mechanisms of resistance to temocillin are outer membrane impermeabilisation or active efflux. fi-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae resistant to 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporins may be sensitive to Negaban.

Breakpoints following the BSAC (British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) method for Enterobacteriaceae:

Susceptible organisms: MIC < 8 mg/L Resistant organisms: MIC > 8 mg/L

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections:

Susceptible organisms: MIC < 32 mg/L Resistant organisms: MIC > 32 mg/L

Commonly susceptible organisms:

-    Escherichia coli

-    Klebsiella pneumoniae

-    Citrobacter spp.

-    Proteus mirabilis

-    Proteus spp (indole +)

-    Morganella morganii

-    Pasteurella multocida

-    Providencia stuartii

-    Salmonella typhimurium

-    Yersinia enterocolitica

-    Moraxella catarrhalis

-    Haemophilus influenzae

-    Neisseria meningitides

Species for which acquired resistance may be a problem:

-    Serratia marcescens

-    Enterobacter spp.

Inherently resistant organisms:

-    Acinetobacter spp.

-    Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-    Gram positive organisms

-    Anaerobic bacteria

5.2. Pharmacokinetic properties

Mean pharmacokinetic parameters of temocillin following administration of a single dose:

Distribution: The protein serum binding rate is 85% in healthy volunteers. Concentrations of temocillin in gall bladder bile at a mean of 2.4 hours after I.V. injection of 1 g were variable. Temocillin was not detected in the bile of 2 out of 10 patients but in some cases concentrations were considerably higher than those in serum. The mean concentration in gall bladder bile was 205 pg/ml. Concentrations of temocillin in prostate homogenate between 1 and 3 hours after I.M. injection of 1 g of temocillin ranged from 2.3-16 pg/ml (mean 8.25) compared with a mean serum concentration of 12.5 pg/ml.

In a series of studies, the penetration of temocillin into tissues was investigated by assaying either tissue fluid or homogenate for temocillin. Following I.V. injection of 1 g of temocillin, concentrations in the fluid of cantharidine-induced skin blisters reached a mean peak of 44.3 pg/ml at 3 hours. The mean half-life of temocillin in blister fluid was 4.0 hours.

Temocillin concentrations in peripheral lymph after a 1 g I.V. injection were of a similar order to those in blister fluid, reaching a mean peak of 30.6 pg/ml between 1.5 and 2 hours. The mean half-life of elimination from lymph was 4.4 hours. As was found in skin blisters, concentrations of temocillin in lymph were above the MIC of susceptible bacteria at 12 hours after administration.

Only a small proportion of temocillin passes into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Excretion: Temocillin is excreted unchanged mainly in the kidney. Excretion may be delayed in cases of kidney failure so the dosage must be reduced, depending on the degree of kidney failure shown by the creatinine clearance values.

Pharmacokinetic parameters in renal impairment:

5.3. Predinical safety data

No information additional to that already contained in this Summary of Product Characteristics.

6. PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS

6.1.    List of excipients

None.

6.2.    Incompatibilities

Negaban should not be mixed with the following in the syringe, intravenous fluid container or giving set:

Proteinaceous fluids (e.g. protein hydrolysates)

Blood products Intravenous lipid emulsions Aminoglycosides

This medicinal product must not be mixed with other products except those mentioned in section 6.6.

6.3.    Shelf life

Dry powder: 3 years

Shelf life after reconstitution: see Section 6.6. Special precautions for disposal and other handling.

6.4.    Special precautions for storage

Store in a refrigerator (2°C - 8°C). Store in the original package.

6.5.    Nature and contents of container

Clear glass vial with butyl rubber stoppers and either aluminium seal or aluminium plastic seal in packs of 1 vial or 5 vials.

6.6.    Special precautions for disposal and other handling

Negaban is not intended for multi-dose use, any part-used antibiotic solution should be discarded. Solutions are normally a pale yellow colour.

Intravenous injection

Dose	Recommended volume of Water for Injections BP to be added for dissolution	Final volume
1 g	10 ml	10.7 ml
2 g	20 ml	21.4 ml

Inject I.V. solutions in 3-4 minutes, within one hour following their preparation.

Intermittent intravenous infusion

Solutions should be prepared as described for intravenous injection and then added to an intravenous infusion solution in a mini-bag or in-line burette and administered over a period of 30-40 minutes. Alternatively, using a suitable reconstitution device, the appropriate volume of intravenous fluid may be transferred from the infusion bag into the vial and then drawn back into the bag after dissolution.

Intramuscular injection

Vial strength	Recommended volume of Water for Injections BP to be added for dissolution	Final volume
1 g	2 ml	2.7 ml

After addition of water to the vial, shake vigorously. Inject I.M. solutions immediately after preparation.

The solutions should preferably be used as soon as possible after their preparation and, in any case, no later than the time indicated below if they are kept at a temperature not exceeding 25°C:

Chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 4 hours at 25°C for the following diluents:

Physiological saline 10% Dextrose

Sodium chloride compound (Ringer)

Hartmann solution (sodium lactate + Ringer's lactate)

Chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 24 hours at 25°C for the following diluents:

Water for injection 5% Dextrose Sodium lactate M/6 Sorbitol Dextran

From a microbiological point of view, unless the method of opening/reconstitution/ dilution precludes the risk of microbial contamination, the product should be used immediately.

If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions are the responsibility of the user.

7.    MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER

EUMEDICA S.A.

Winston Churchill Avenue 67

B-1180 Brussels

Belgium

8.    MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)

PL 21772/0001

9.    DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION

September 2003

10.    DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT

August 2011

- = Not determined * = CCR < 10 ml/min/1.73m² += Approx. 1 h post-dose