Terbinafine 250mg Tablets
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
1 NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT
Terbinafine 250mg Tablets
2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION
Each tablet contains 250 mg terbinafine, as terbinafine hydrochloride. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1.
3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM
Tablet
White, round, flat, 11mm tablets, scored on both sides with side scores, marked “T” above and “1” below the score on one side.
4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS
4.1 Therapeutic indications
1. Treatment of Terbinafine tablets sensitive fungal infections such as Tinea corporis, Tinea cruris and Tinea pedis (caused by Dematophytes see Section 5.1) is considered appropriate due to the site, severity or extent of the infection.
2. The treatment of onychomycosis (Terbinafine tablets-sensitive fungal infection of the nails) caused by dermatophytes.
N.B. Orally administered Terbinafine tablets are not effective against Pityriasis versicolor.
The official local guidelines should be borne in mind, for example, national recommendations relating to the correct use and prescription of antimicrobial drugs”.
4.2 Posology and method of administration
Posology
Adults:
250mg once daily.
Renal impairment
Use of Terbinafine tablets has not been adequately studied in patients with renal impairment and is therefore not recommended in this population (see section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use and section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties).
Liver impairment
Terbinafine tablets are not recommended for patients with chronic or active hepatic disease (see section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use).
Skin infections
The likely durations of treatment for Tinea pedis, Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris are 2 - 4 weeks.
For Tinea pedis (interdigital, plantar/moccasin-type): recommended treatment periods may be up to 6 weeks.
Complete disappearance of the symptoms of the infection may not occur until several weeks after mycological cure.
Onychomycosis
In most patients the duration of successful treatment is 6-12 weeks.
Fingernail onychomycosis: In most cases 6 weeks' treatment is sufficient in fingernail onychomycosis.
Toenail onychomycosis: In most cases 12 weeks' treatment is sufficient in toenail onychomycosis although a few patients may require treatment up to 6 months. Poor nail outgrowth during the first weeks of treatment may enable identification of those patients in whom longer therapy is required. Complete resolution of the signs and symptoms of infection may not occur until several weeks after mycological cure and is only seen several months after stopping treatment, which is the time for growth of a healthy nail.
Elderly
There is no evidence to suggest that elderly patients require different dosages or experience different side effects than younger patients. When prescribing Terbinafine tablets for patients in this age group, the possibility of pre-existing impairment of hepatic or kidney function should be considered (see section 4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use).
Method of administration
Oral use
The duration of treatment is dependent on the indication and the degree of severity of the infection.
4.3 Contraindications
• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
• Severe renal impairment
Severe hepatic impairment
4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use
Liver function
Terbinafine tablets are not recommended for patients with chronic or active hepatic disease. Before prescribing Terbinafine tablets, liver function test should be performed. Hepatotoxicity may occur in patients with and without pre-existing hepatic disease therefore periodic monitoring (after 4-6 weeks of treatment) of liver function test is recommended. Terbinafine tablets should be immediately discontinued in case of elevation of liver function test. Very rare cases of serious hepatic failure (some with a fatal outcome, or requiring hepatic transplant) have been reported in patients treated with Terbinafine tablets. In the majority of hepatic failure cases the patients had serious underlying systemic conditions and a causal association with the intake of Terbinafine tablets was uncertain. (see section 4.8 Undesirable effects).
Patients prescribed Terbinafine tablets should be warned to report immediately any signs and symptoms of unexplained persistent nausea, decreased appetite, fatigue, vomiting, right upper abdominal pain, or jaundice, dark urine or pale faeces. Patients with these symptoms should discontinue taking oral Terbinafine tablets and the patient's hepatic function should be immediately evaluated.
Patients on Terbinafine tablets who develop a high fever or sore throat should be examined concerning possible haematological reactions
Terbinafine tablets should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing psoriasis or lupus erythematosus as very rare cases of lupus erythematosus have been reported.
Terbinafine tablets are a potent inhibitor of the isoenzyme CYP2D6, which should be considered if Terbinafine tablets are combined with medicinal products metabolised by this isoenzyme that are titrated individually (see section 4.5). Dose adjustments may be necessary.
Dermatological effects
Serious skin reactions (e.g. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis) have been very rarely reported in patients taking Terbinafine tablets. If progressive skin rash occurs, Terbinafine tablets treatment should be discontinued.
Haematological effects
Very rare cases of blood disorders (neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia) have been reported in patients treated with Terbinafine tablets. Aetiology of any blood disorders that occur in patients treated with Terbinafine tablets should be evaluated and consideration should be given for a possible change in medication regimen, including discontinuation of treatment with Terbinafine tablets.
Renal function
In patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min or serum creatinine of more than 300 micro mol/L) the use of Terbinafine tablets has not been adequately studied, and therefore, is not recommended (see section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties).
4.5 Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
The plasma clearance of Terbinafine tablets may be accelerated by drugs which induce metabolism (such as rifampicin) and may be inhibited by drugs which inhibit cytochrome P450 (such as cimetidine). Where co-administration of such drugs is required, it may be necessary to adjust the dose of Terbinafine tablets accordingly.
The following medicinal products may increase the effect or plasma concentration of Terbinafine tablets
Cimetidine decreased the clearance of Terbinafine tablets by 33%.
Fluconazole increased the Cmax and AUC of Terbinafine tablets by 52% and 69% respectively, due to inhibition of both CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Similar increase in exposure may occur when other drugs which inhibit both CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 such as ketoconazole and amiodarone are concomitantly administered with Terbinafine tablets.
The following medicinal products may decrease the effect or plasma concentration of Terbinafine tablets
Rifampicin increased the clearance of Terbinafine tablets by 100%.
Effect of Terbinafine tablets on other medicinal products
According to the results from studies undertaken in vitro and in healthy volunteers, Terbinafine tablets shows negligible potential for inhibiting or enhancing the clearance of most drugs that are metabolised via the cytochrome P450 system (e.g. terfenadine, triazolam, tolbutamide or oral contraceptives) with exception of those metabolised through CYP2D6 (see below).
Terbinafine tablets do not interfere with the clearance of antipyrine or digoxin.
Some cases of irregular menstruation have been reported in patients taking Terbinafine tablets concomitantly with oral contraceptives, although the incidence of these disorders remains within the background incidence of patients taking oral contraceptives alone.
Terbinafine tabl ets may increase the effect or plasma concentration of the following medicinal products
Caffeine
Terbinafine tablets decreased the clearance of caffeine administered intravenously by 19%.
Compounds predominantly metabolised by CYP2D6
In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Terbinafine tablets inhibits the CYP2D6-mediated metabolism. This finding may be of clinical relevance for compounds predominantly metabolised by CYP2D6, e.g. certain members of the following drug classes, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), beta-blockers, selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), antiarrhythmics (including class 1A, 1B and 1C) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO-Is) Type B, especially if they also have a narrow therapeutic window (see 4.4. Special warnings and precautions for use).
Terbinafine tablets decreased the clearance of desipramine by 82%.
Terbinafine tablets may decrease the effect or plasma concentration of the following medicinal products
Terbinafine tablets increased the clearance of ciclosporin by 15%.
4.6 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation
Pregnancy
Foetal toxicity and fertility studies in animals suggest no adverse effects. Since clinical experience in pregnant women is very limited, Terbinafine tablets should not be used during pregnancy unless clinical condition of the woman requires treatment with oral Terbinafine tablets and the potential benefits for the mother outweigh any potential risks for the foetus.
Breast-feeding
Terbinafine tablets are excreted in breast milk; mothers receiving oral treatment with Terbinafine tablets should therefore not breast-feed.
Fertility
Foetal toxicity and fertility studies in animals suggest no adverse effects.
4.7 Effects on ability to drive and use machines
No studies on the effects of Terbinafine tablets treatment on the ability to drive and use machines have been performed. Patients who experience dizziness as an undesirable effect should avoid driving vehicles or using machines.
4.8 Undesirable effects
The following adverse reactions have been observed in the clinical trials or during post marketing experience.
Adverse reactions (Table 1) are ranked under heading of frequency, the most frequent first, using the following convention: very common (> 1/10); common (> 1/100, < 1/10); uncommon (> 1/1,000, < 1/100); rare (> 1/10,000, < 1/1,000); very rare (< 1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)
Table 1
|
Blood and lymphatic system disorders | |
|
Very rare: |
Neutropenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia |
|
Not known: |
Anaemia. |
|
Immune system disorders | |
|
Very rare: |
Anaphylactoid reaction, angioedema, cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus |
|
Not known: |
Anaphylactic reactions, serum sickness-like reaction |
|
Metabolism and nutrition disorders | |
|
Very common: |
Decreased appetite |
|
Psychiatric disorders | |
|
Not known: |
Anxiety, depression* |
|
Nervous system disorders | |
|
Common: Uncommon: Rare Very rare: |
Headache Hypogeusia**, ageusia** Malaise Dizziness, paraesthesia and hypoaesthesia |
|
Not known: |
Anosmia |
|
Ear and labyrinth disorders Not known: |
Hypoacusis, hearing impaired, tinnitus |
|
Vascular disorders Not known: |
Vasculitis |
|
Gastrointestinal disorders | |
|
Very common: |
Abdominal distension, dyspepsia, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea. |
|
Not known: |
Pancreatitis |
|
Hepatobiliary disorders | |
|
Rare: |
Hepatic failure, hepatic enzymes increased |
|
Not known: |
hepatitis, jaundice, cholestasis |
|
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | |
|
Very common: Very rare: |
Rash, urticaria Erythema multiforme ,Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)). Psoriasiform eruptions or exacerbation of psoriasis. Alopecia,.. |
|
Not known: |
Photosensitivity reaction, photodermatosis, photosensitivity allergic reaction and polymorphic light eruption |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
|
Very common: Not known |
Arthralgia, myalgia Rhabdomyolysis |
|
General disorders and administration site conditions | |
|
Very rare: |
Fatigue |
|
Not known: |
Influenza like illness, pyrexia |
|
Investigations Not known: |
Blood creatinine phosphokinase |
|
increased, weight decreased *** | |
* Anxiety and depressive symptoms secondary to dysgeusia.
** Hypogeusia, including ageusia, which usually recover within several weeks after discontinuation of the drug. Isolated cases of prolonged hypogeusia have been reported.
** *Weight decreased secondary to hypogeusia.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions
Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme; website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard
4.9 Overdose
Few cases of overdose (up to 5g) have been reported, giving rise to headache, nausea, epigastric pain and dizziness. Recommended treatment for overdose consists of eliminating the active substance, primarily by the administration of activated charcoal, and giving symptomatic supportive therapy if required.
5 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
5.1 Pharmacodynamic properties
Pharmacotherapeutic group: Dermatologicals; antifungals for systemic use ATC code: D01B A02
Terbinafine tablets is an allylamine which has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity. At low concentrations Terbinafine tablets is fungicidal against dermatophytes, moulds and certain dimorphic fungi. The activity versus yeasts is fungicidal or fungistatic depending on the species.
Terbinafine tablets interfere selectively with fungal sterol biosynthesis at an early stage through inhibition of the enzyme squalene epoxidase. This leads to a deficiency in ergosterol and to an intracellular accumulation of squalene in the fungal cell membrane. Both the deficiency in ergosterol and the accumulation of squalene are responsible for fungal cell death.
When given orally, the active substance concentrates in skin, hair and nails at levels associated with fungicidal activity. Measurable concentrations of the active substance are still evident 15 - 20 days after cessation of treatment.
Terbinafine tablets are used for the treatment of fungal infections of the skin and nails, which is caused by Trichophyton (e.g.T. rubrum, T.mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum,
T. violaceum), Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum. The following table outlines the range of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against the dermatophytes.
|
Organism |
MIC rang (pg/ml) |
|
Trichophyton rubrun |
0.001 - 0.15 |
|
Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
0.0001 - 0.05 |
|
Trichophyton verrucosum |
0.001 - 0.006 |
|
Trichophyton violaceum |
0.001 - 0.1 |
|
Microsporum canis |
0.0001 - 0.1 |
|
Edidermorphyton fluccosum |
0.001 - 0.05 |
Terbinafine tablets exhibits poor efficacy against many yeasts of the Candida species.
Terbinafine tablets in contrast to locally administered Terbinafine tablets treatment, has no effect in the treatment of Pityriasis (Tinea) versicolor.
5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties
Absorption
A single oral dose of 250mg Terbinafine tablets results in mean peak plasma concentrations of 0.97 mcg/ml within 2 hours after administration. The absorption half-life is 0.8 hours and the distribution half-life is 4.6 hours.
Distribution
Terbinafine tablets binds strongly to plasma proteins (99%).
Terbinafine tablets rapidly diffuses through the skin and concentrates in the lipophilic stratum corneum. Terbinafine tablets are also secreted in sebum, thus achieving high concentrations in hair follicles, hair and parts of the skin rich in sebaceous glands. There is also evidence that Terbinafine tablets is distributed into the nail plate within a few weeks after commencing therapy.
Biotransformation
Terbinafine tablets are rapidly metabolised by the CYP-isoenzymes, mainly by CYP2C9, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and CYP2C19. Biotransformation results in metabolites with no antifungal activity, which are excreted predominantly in the urine.
Elimination
The elimination half-life is 17 hours. There is no evidence of accumulation in the plasma.
No age-dependent changes in pharmacokinetics have been observed but the elimination rate may be reduced in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, resulting in higher blood levels of Terbinafine tablets.
In patients with pre-existing mild to severe hepatic impairment, single dose pharmacokinetic studies have shown that the clearance of Terbinafine tablets can be reduced by 50%.”
The bioavailability of Terbinafine tablets is only slightly affected by food, and therefore a dose adjustment is not necessary.
5.3 Preclinical safety data
The approximate LD50 value of Terbinafine tablets is over 4 g/kg in both mice and rats.
In long-term studies (up to 1 year) in rats and dogs no marked toxic effects were seen in either species up to oral doses of about 100mg/kg a day. At high oral doses, the liver and possibly also the kidneys were identified as potential target organs.
In a two-year oral carcinogenicity study in mice, no neoplastic or other abnormal findings attributable to treatment were made up to doses of 130 (males) and 156 (females) mg/kg a day. In a two-year oral carcinogenicity study in rats, an increased incidence of liver tumours was observed in males at the highest dosage level of 69 mg/kg, at which systemic exposure was similar to clinical exposure. The mechanism of tumour development has not been established. The clinical relevance is unknown. The changes which may be associated with peroxisome proliferation have been shown to be species-specific since they were not seen in the carcinogenicity study in mice, dogs or monkeys.
During high-dose studies in monkeys, refractile irregularities were observed in the retina at the higher doses (non-toxic effect level 50mg/kg). These irregularities were associated with the presence of a Terbinafine tablets metabolite in ocular tissue and disappeared after discontinuation of the active substance. They were not associated with histological changes.
A standard battery of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests revealed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic potential.
No undesirable effects on fertility or other reproduction parameters were observed in studies in rats or rabbits.
PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICULARS
6
6.1 List of excipients
Magnesium stearate
Silica, colloidal anhydrous Croscarmellose sodium Hypromellose Microcrystalline cellulose
6.2 Incompatibilities
None known.
6.3 Shelf life
Al/PVC-PVdC blister 3 years
HDPE tablet container with LDPE cap 18 months
6.4 Special precautions for storage
This medicinal product does not require any special storage conditions
6.5 Nature and contents of container
Al/PVC-PVdC blister pack HDPE container with LDPE cap
Pack Sizes:
HDPE bottles: 14, 28, 500 tablets
Blisters: 7, 14, 20, 28, 30, 42, 50, 60, 84, 90, 98, 100, 50 x 1 (unit dose) tablets
*Not all container types or pack sizes may be marketed.
6.6 Special precautions for disposal
No special requirements
7 MARKETING AUTHORISATION HOLDER
Actavis UK Limited (Trading style: Actavis)
Whiddon Valley Barnstaple N. Devon EX32 8NS United Kingdom
8 MARKETING AUTHORISATION NUMBER(S)
PL 00142/0628
9 DATE OF FIRST AUTHORISATION/RENEWAL OF THE AUTHORISATION
26/02/2009
10 DATE OF REVISION OF THE TEXT
31/08/2016